*Note: These percentages reflect estimates of the transgender youth (ages 13-17) population living in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Estimates of transgender youth in the U.S. territories or under age 13 are not available, and so cannot be reflected here. Population estimates are from The Williams Institute.
37 % of transgender youth (ages 13-17) live in states with laws preventing transgender students from participating in sports consistent with their gender identity
1 % of transgender youth (ages 13-17) live in states with regulation or agency policy preventing transgender students from participating in sports consistent with their gender identity
62 % of transgender youth (ages 13-17) live in states with no laws or regulations preventing transgender students from participating in sports consistent with their gender identity
State | Bans on Transgender Youth Participation in Sports | Year Passed |
Citations | ||
Alabama | State does not have this law | 2021 |
Alaska | State does not have this law | 2023 |
American Samoa | ||
Arizona | State does not have this law | 2022 |
Arkansas | State does not have this law | 2021 |
California | ||
Colorado | ||
Connecticut | ||
Delaware | ||
District of Columbia | ||
Florida | State does not have this law | 2021 |
Georgia | ||
Guam | ||
Hawaii | ||
Idaho | State does not have this law | 2020 |
Illinois | ||
Indiana | State does not have this law | 2022 |
Iowa | State does not have this law | 2022 |
Kansas | State does not have this law | 2023 |
Kentucky | State does not have this law | 2022 |
Louisiana | State does not have this law | 2022 |
Maine | ||
Maryland | ||
Massachusetts | ||
Michigan | ||
Minnesota | ||
Mississippi | State does not have this law | 2021 |
Missouri | State does not have this law | 2023 |
Montana | State does not have this law | 2021 |
Nebraska | ||
Nevada | ||
New Hampshire | State does not have this law | 2024 |
New Jersey | ||
New Mexico | ||
New York | ||
North Carolina | State does not have this law | 2023 |
North Dakota | State does not have this law | 2023 |
Northern Mariana Islands | ||
Ohio | State does not have this law | 2024 |
Oklahoma | State does not have this law | 2022 |
Oregon | ||
Pennsylvania | ||
Puerto Rico | ||
Rhode Island | ||
South Carolina | State does not have this law | 2022 |
South Dakota | State does not have this law | 2021 |
Tennessee | State does not have this law | 2021 |
Texas | State does not have this law | 2021 |
U.S. Virgin Islands | ||
Utah | State does not have this law | 2022 |
Vermont | ||
Virginia | State does not have this law | 2023 |
Washington | ||
West Virginia | State does not have this law | 2021 |
Wisconsin | ||
Wyoming | State does not have this law | 2023 |
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The term “sexual orientation” is loosely defined as a person’s pattern of romantic or sexual attraction to people of the opposite sex or gender, the same sex or gender, or more than one sex or gender. Laws that explicitly mention sexual orientation primarily protect or harm lesbian, gay, and bisexual people. That said, transgender people who are lesbian, gay or bisexual can be affected by laws that explicitly mention sexual orientation.
“Gender identity” is a person’s deeply-felt inner sense of being male, female, or something else or in-between. “Gender expression” refers to a person’s characteristics and behaviors such as appearance, dress, mannerisms and speech patterns that can be described as masculine, feminine, or something else. Gender identity and expression are independent of sexual orientation, and transgender people may identify as heterosexual, lesbian, gay or bisexual. Laws that explicitly mention “gender identity” or “gender identity and expression” primarily protect or harm transgender people. These laws also can apply to people who are not transgender, but whose sense of gender or manner of dress does not adhere to gender stereotypes.
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