Studying Iraqi Fire Pollution

 

Beyond its massive human and financial cost, the ongoing war in Iraq has also had an impact on the environment. Recently, UMBC volcano expert Simon Carn led a group of earth scientists to study how an explosion at a sulfur plant near Mosul, Iraq produced pollution rivaling one of the most powerful volcanic eruptions in recent history.

On June 24, 2003, dense clouds of sulfur dioxide were produced by an explosion at the Al-Mishraq State Sulfur Plant when arsonists set massive amounts of the gas ablaze. The fire burned for nearly a month, causing widespread respiratory problems in residents and at least two deaths, and by the time it was extinguished, its sulfur dioxide emissions equaled more than half of those released by the 1980 eruption of Mt. Saint Helens.

“That’s nearly 30 times as much as the most polluting power plants release in a year,” said Carn, a research associate at UMBC’s Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology (JCET). “It was the largest man-made release of polluting sulfur dioxide ever recorded.”

Carn and his team probed the 800-mile plume for 18 days, taking measurements of the emissions based on data collected from TOMS, located on NASA’s Earth Probe satellite. Composite photos of the sulfur clouds were also taken from the Aqua and Terra satellites, showing the concentration of polluting gases and the plume that stretched as far as Syria, Iran, Azerbaijan and the Persian Gulf.

The explosion ultimately cost the region $20 million in refined sulfur and $40 million in local crops, and would have seriously damaged surrounding villages and released dangerous pollutants in the Tigris river had it not been contained. Despite its immediate consequences, scientists speculate that the fire will not have long-lasting effects on the environment.

As part of the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) volcanic emissions research group Carn helps develop techniques to detect volcanic gases and activity using satellite monitoring systems.

Carn’s team announced their findings in the Oct. 29 issue of Geophysical Research Letters. The research was also featured in Nature News on October 25, 2004.

In the future, the team hopes to monitor coal-burning power plants using an Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), which can track smaller amounts of sulfur dioxide discharge. “With actual measurements, we can find out if a power plant is putting out more sulfur dioxide than it says,” said Carn. Information from OMI, which is based on NASA’s Aura satellite, is expected to reach the team in the next few months.

(2/14/05)

 

Each year, the UMBC Alumni Association presents awards to honor alumni for their professional and personal achievements and service to the University.  Learn more about our past award winners.
Life Sciences
Sheldon Broedel, 1984 M.S. and 1990 Ph.D. Biological Sciences, is chief executive and science officer of Athena Environmental Sciences. This 10-year-old company, headquartered at techcenter@UMBC, specializes in “ecologically responsible and economically sound solutions to environmental problems.”
Humanities
Sean Carton, 1990 English, is Dean of Digital Design at Philadelphia University, the author of Dot Bomb and a frequent contributor to Wired magazine. As co-founder of Carton Donofrio Interactive, a web and multimedia design firm in Baltimore, he created a multi-million dollar company with numerous Fortune 500 clients.
Visual and Performing Arts
Brian Dannelly, 1997 Visual and Performing Arts, whose first feature film “Saved!” was released in 2004. It was reviewed by major national media and is now on DVD. Dannelly has several other feature projects under way.
Social and Behavioral Sciences
Renato A. DiPentima, 1984 Ph.D. Public Policy, is president and CEO of SRA International, a leading provider of technology services to clients in national security, government, health care and public health. Fortune magazine has named SRA as one of the “100 Best Companies to Work For” for five consecutive years.
Engineering and Information Technology
Dr. Yue (Joseph) Wang, 1995 Ph.D. Electrical Engineering, an associate professor at Virginia Tech, leads a $5.5 million breast cancer research effort. He was recently inducted into the College of Fellows of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering for his contributions to biomedical informatics.
Distinguished Service Award
Walter Kerr, 1996 B.S. and 1997 M.S. Emergency Health Services, a flight paramedic with the Maryland State Police, provides in-flight clinical training for UMBC paramedic students, a unique opportunity available only at UMBC thanks in large measure to his efforts.

UMBC’s Best Excel in Diverse Careers

 

UMBC’s success in forging leaders in a wide array of fields will be celebrated February 9 at the Alumni Awards ceremony in Annapolis. Six graduates will receive the Alumni Association’s highest honor.

Sheldon Broedel, 1984 M.S. and 1990 Ph.D. Biological Sciences, is chief executive and science officer of Athena Environmental Sciences. This 10-year-old company, headquartered at techcenter@UMBC, specializes in “ecologically responsible and economically sound solutions to environmental problems.”

Sean Carton, 1990 English, is Dean of Digital Design at Philadelphia University, the author of Dot Bomb and a frequent contributor to Wired magazine. As co-founder of Carton Donofrio Interactive, a web and multimedia design firm in Baltimore, he created a multi-million dollar company with numerous Fortune 500 clients.

Brian Dannelly, 1997 Visual and Performing Arts, whose first feature film “Saved!” was released in 2004. It was reviewed by major national media and is now on DVD. Dannelly has several other feature projects under way.

Renato A. DiPentima, 1984 Ph.D. Public Policy, is president and CEO of SRA International, a leading provider of technology services to clients in national security, government, health care and public health. Fortune magazine has named SRA as one of the “100 Best Companies to Work For” for five consecutive years.

Walter Kerr, 1996 B.S. and 1997 M.S. Emergency Health Services, a flight paramedic with the Maryland State Police, provides in-flight clinical training for UMBC paramedic students, a unique opportunity available only at UMBC thanks in large measure to his efforts.

Dr. Yue (Joseph) Wang, 1995 Ph.D. Electrical Engineering, an associate professor at Virginia Tech, leads a $5.5 million breast cancer research effort. He was recently inducted into the College of Fellows of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering for his contributions to biomedical informatics.

“We are all inspired by the success of these outstanding alumni, all of whom are leaders in their fields.”
– President Freeman A. Hrabowski

(2/7/05)

 

sound vision motion

 

UMBC’s IRC Fellows Program, a partnership between UMBC’s Department of Visual Arts and the Imaging Research Center (IRC), has quickly built upon the existing successes of the IRC Internship Program and the Visual Arts Undergraduate Program to create a national model for the recruiting, retention, education and support of talented digital artists. “Students are transferring to UMBC with the hope that they will get into the IRC Fellows Program,” said IRC Director Dan Bailey.

Designed to recognize, reward and encourage UMBC juniors and seniors who have displayed exceptional artistic talent and technical proficiency over the course of their first two years as undergraduate art students, the IRC Fellows Program supports these student artists as they pursue careers in either academic or professional art settings. Through a series of specially designed seminar-style courses, IRC Fellows are exposed to new technologies and artistic practices. IRC Fellows have access to the Center’s labs, visiting researchers, and to mentoring by visual arts faculty and IRC staff.

The IRC Fellows Program also fuses the research initiatives of UMBC’s visual arts faculty with the national significance of the IRC, which is dedicated to investigating new technologies and using them for interpreting and presenting content. Since its inception in 1987, artists and researchers across disciplines have collaborated in the IRC’s creative environment to develop new strategies and techniques in digital media. State-of-the-art facilities enable research in 3D visualization, immersive technologies, interactivity, installation, animation, high definition video and sound.

On February 4 and 5, Baltimore audiences can see the product of a collaboration between the IRC Fellows and Associate Professor of Visual Arts Timothy Nohe, who directed the program during the fall ’04 semester, and modern dance company movement/addiction, directed by UMBC alumni Renée Brozic and Sarah D. Seely. The evening length concert, *blink*, will be held at the Creative Alliance and includes body.txt, in which sweeping live video is projected onto canvasses made of latex sheets. The dancers press their bodies against the sheets, creating a stunning visceral background, and time delay video techniques allow the dancers to duet with images of themselves. The words of New York City-based slam poet Noel Jones glide across the screens and the dancers.

*blink* takes place at 8 p.m. February 4-5 at the Creative Alliance at The Patterson, 3134 Eastern Avenue in Baltimore City. Tickets ($15) can be ordered in advance through MissionTix, or call 410-752-8950.

Watch a video clip from body.txt.

Watch a feature on the IRC from MPT “Artworks.”

(1/31/05)

 

Adventures in Ancient Studies

 

From the History Channel to sword and sandal epic movies, 21st century citizens remain fascinated by the mysteries of the ancient world.

In UMBC’s Department of Ancient Studies (ANCS), students from various disciplines enroll in classes with topics ranging from elementary Latin to women and gender in the classical world. Faculty members emphasize teaching as the cornerstone of the department and consequently draw up to 100 students in some lower-level courses. Through their creative teaching methods and the practical field experience offered to majors, ANCS connects with undergraduates and enables them to reach, sometimes literally, into the annals of western civilization.

With faculty specializing in archaeology and the history, language and literature of the ancient world, ANCS is able to offer holistic instruction in the classics. Many faculty members contribute to the department’s study/travel program, which gives students the opportunity to participate in digs and discover ancient sites firsthand. Past destinations have included China, Egypt, England, France, Germany, Italy, Greece, Israel, Spain, Tunisia and Turkey. ANCS also reserves departmental funds for travel scholarships, making it one of only a few classics programs in the country to do so.

In 1969 Rudolph H. Storch, associate professor and chair of ancient studies, founded ANCS and helped develop the program, recruiting professors for both ANCS and the history department. He has written extensively about the military history of the ancient world and is currently researching Greek warfare during the archaic period. Storch edits issues of the departmental newsletter, organizes trips to museums in New York and Washington, D.C. and plans events for Ancient Studies Week.

Walter Sherwin, associate professor of ancient studies, is also a founding member of ANCS and has taught at UMBC since 1967. Sherwin has used his expertise in Greek and Roman literature to consult with the U.S. Supreme Court in research and library affairs. He chaired a University committee aimed at improving the undergraduate experience and was recently an advisor to the Ancient Studies Club. Sherwin also coordinated recent study/travel trips to Italy, London and France.

In 1969 Jay M. Freyman, associate professor of ancient studies, helped create the ANCS study/travel program and has since organized trips all over the world. He was instrumental in establishing a Phi Beta Kappa chapter on campus and received a University System of Maryland Regents Faculty Award for Excellence in Mentoring in 1999. Using his background in ancient Greek and Latin, Freyman developed courses in etymology and medical terminology. He also provided historical instruction to theater troupes performing Greek dramas at UMBC and in Washington, D.C.

Marilyn Y. Goldberg, associate professor of ancient studies, has been an ANCS faculty member since 1978. She championed several projects designed to improve pedagogy at UMBC and is bringing technology to ANCS with a pilot project using Web-based images in the classroom. Goldberg also designed an ANCS course for UMBC’s First Year Seminar program. She is currently working on a manuscript that examines communities and gender in the public space of classical Athens.

A recognized expert in ancient trade and transport amphoras, Carolyn G. Koehler, associate professor of ancient studies, has taught at UMBC since 1978. She recently wrote a book on the results of an excavation of Corinthian amphoras in Athens to be published by Princeton’s American School of Classical Studies at Athens and is the president of AMPHORAS Project, Inc. Koehler also works with students to find field-related internships and coordinates trips for the department’s study/travel program.

(1/25/05)

 

Art as Collaboration

 

For over 20 years, composer Anna Rubin has collaborated with dancers, musicians and video artists. As director of UMBC’s Linehan Artist Scholar and InterArts Studies Programs, she brings the spirit of collaboration to the University’s undergraduates. “Some of the most exciting work occurs in collaboration,” said Rubin, who is also an associate professor of music. “All of my roles at UMBC allow me to work with a variety of students and faculty members to help enhance the arts environment at UMBC. There’s a great interest in collaborative work here, which I find very stimulating.”

In addition to exploring individualized study in more than one discipline, students in the VPA/InterArts Studies Program have the opportunity take classes with established artists who visit campus each year. This spring, Rubin and Carolyn Tice, associate professor and chair of social work, will teach Art in Community—open to all students—in conjunction with the Liz Lerman Dance Exchange (LLDE) and Charlestown Retirement Community. LLDE has pioneered dance education with senior citizens as well as the inclusion of older dancers within their company.

Art in Community will give arts, social work, public policy and sociology students a hands-on experience in the use of the arts to promote self-expression, a sense of community and health in senior citizens. Participants will create a collaborative work to be shown on April 29. (Liz Lerman Dance Exchange will also present a public concert at UMBC on February 4.)

“There is an enormous opportunity for our arts students to learn about entrepreneurship in community arts projects such as our collaboration with Lerman Dance Exchange and Charlestown Retirement Community,” said Rubin. “Professional artists often have to be their own fundraisers, teachers, marketers and promoters. In addition, they work with diverse audiences. It is important for our students to see the model of an established company like LLDE, which has created many successful collaborations. The course is also a research opportunity for students from other majors as they examine the efficacy of the program and how it affects a social organization like Charlestown.”

Rubin is excited about the potential for courses like Art in Community, just one example of her lifelong passion for collaboration. After falling in love with composition as a master’s student at CalArts, Rubin began seeking out opportunities to work with other artists. “Once I discovered composition, I couldn’t get enough and pursued every opportunity I could get to work with virtuoso performers, collaborate with other composers and artists and explore computer-generated sound,” said Rubin, who has created over 35 compositions and won numerous awards for her work, most recently from the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) and the Aether Festival of Radio Art#1 (Radio Station KUNM, Albuquerque). In May, the acclaimed Da Capo Chamber Players will perform one of her works at New York’s Knitting Factory in a concert showcasing works which integrate electronics with acoustic instruments.

(1/10/04)

 

Using Physics to Synchronize Clocks

 

Even the most accurate timepieces are almost certain to disagree by at least a few seconds, which can be problematic for applications such as telecommunications, satellites, wide area networks (WANs) and global positioning systems that rely heavily on time synchronization. But thanks to sophisticated computations and high-speed electronics, distant clocks with separations of thousands of miles can be synchronized within a just few nanoseconds—one billionth of a second.

Physics Ph.D. students Alejandra Valencia and Giuliano Scarcelli, under the mentorship of Dr. Yanhua Shih, conducted an experiment to show that tighter synchronization of distant clocks may be possible by utilizing quantum physics. “We used the quantum entanglement of photon pairs to achieve clock synchronization,” said Scarcelli.

By sending two entangled photons down optical fibers, the research team was able to detect synchronized events with picosecond—one trillionth of a second—accuracy over a distance of three kilometers. Synchronizing clocks in global positioning satellites to within a picosecond might make it possible to locate objects at the earth’s surface within millimeters. The team’s research, first published in Applied Physics Letters and Science News last September, might have a role in a future space-based observatory.

Valencia and Scarcelli enjoy working under the guidance of faculty members who are considered among the top-ranking physicists in the U.S. In addition, since the University— ranked 16 th nationwide for NASA funding—has close relationships with NASA, the National Institute of Science and Technology and other research institutions, Ph.D. students also have the opportunity to network with other scientists in the region.

Having traveled from their respective native countries, Italy and Colombia, Scarcelli and Valencia have found UMBC to be a home away from home. Alejandra appreciates that Shih and other professors here treat their students like fellow researchers and value their ideas. “Back home this kind of relationship does not exist. We are not as close to professors as we are here at UMBC,” said Valencia.

(1/4/05)

 

 

The Science of Snow

 

There are good reasons why Baltimore goes berserk about winter weather: Like many areas along the Mid-Atlantic, it often sits on the “rain-snow” line, or 32 F line, which makes storms difficult to forecast. “Small errors in predicting a storm’s track and intensity can mean all the difference between being on the warm side and getting mostly rain, or the cold side and mostly snow,” said Jeff Halverson, research associate professor at UMBC.

The University’s Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology (JCET) is home to NASA Goddard Space Flight Center research professors/weather and climate experts like Halverson and Ali Tokay who can help explain the science of snow. In addition to their research on global rainfall (Tokay) and tropical weather (Halverson) the pair also take turns teaching Geography 311: Weather and Climate, where students often ask about the nor’easters that occasionally dump over a foot of snow on the Mid-Atlantic.

There’s a good reason why the 50 million residents of the Northeastern urban corridor stretching from Richmond to Boston are hit by big snows fairly frequently. “The corridor’s unique geography puts its cities in a meteorological cross-hairs,” said Halverson. “The warm Atlantic Gulf Stream supplies abundant moisture, and the Appalachians ‘dam up’ or trap cold Canadian air, factors that often combine for significant snow events.”

“UMBC is in an interesting part of the U.S.; the rain-snow line can be just on top of us,” said Tokay. “If you recall December 5, 2003, UMBC was closed due to snow, but no snow was observed in greater Washington.”

Tokay, who devotes about a week of his class to winter weather, studies the microphysics of all types of precipitation. Throughout his career he’s used both high and low tech ways to study snow and ice, from yardsticks and buckets to a modern instrument called a disdrometer that measures the size, fall velocity and shape of individual snowflakes.

As a graduate student at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Tokay once braved a 22-hour blizzard to photograph individual snowflakes under a specially fitted microscope. “All snowflakes are six-sided, but it’s true as they say that no two are identical,” said Tokay. “They come in several shapes including needles, dendrites, columns and plates. Measuring snowfall is not an easy task, and running in and out of our building every five minutes at frigid temperatures was not fun, but we meteorologists live for that sort of thing.”

So what sort of winter is predicted for Maryland this year? Halverson said that official forecasts for early winter look normal, i.e. equal chances of snow or rain. “But the data suggests to me that the Mid-Atlantic is in an upswing of severe snowstorm activity and I would predict an active year with two to three major snowstorms.”

12/20/2004

 

 

Helping to Save the “Other Bay”

 

While Mid-Atlantic residents are often reminded to preserve the beauty and health of the Chesapeake Bay, Assistant Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering Upal Ghosh recently did some hard-hat meets high-tech fieldwork to help protect the West Coast’s most famous bay from cancer-causing pollutants.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), carcinogenic chemicals often found in waterways near cities and industrial areas, are at the heart of Ghosh’s research. Commercial fishing is banned in the San Francisco Bay due to high PCB levels in the fish. Many other U.S. port areas are in a similar state, including the Chesapeake Bay watershed, where PCB contamination has caused warnings against eating fish from most major rivers.

Ghosh helped develop an innovative approach to sediment clean-up that trades a white lab coat for a hard hat and wading boots. His technique uses a heavy-duty machine—the AquaMog—as a sort of underwater rototiller to mix activated carbon into contaminated Bay sediment.

“This process binds up the PCBs into the carbon, making them less available to bottom-dwelling organisms and fish and less likely to escape into the surrounding waters,” said Ghosh. “It’s the first time researchers are doing this in a large area using heavy equipment.” 

The U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) and the U.S. Navy supports ongoing evaluation of the technology. To test the process, the team exposes caged clams in the sediments and then measures their PCB uptake. Ghosh also checks the water quality at treated sites to monitor PCB levels being released into the Bay watershed.

The San Francisco Bay project is a collaboration with Stanford University faculty and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Ghosh and Richard Luthy, professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford, have a patent pending on the technology application.

The research team was recently awarded a project by the DOD to do a more extensive pilot demonstration study at the same site. Ghosh also receives funding from the Environmental Protection Agency to test the technology on freshwater sediments from areas of environmental concern near the Great Lakes.

“I’m excited that a technology I conceived five years ago is now going into field trial,” said Ghosh. “There is a great potential to revolutionize the way we clean up contaminated waterways in the future.”

For more details about these and other research projects at UMBC, watch the home page for the debut of a new online home for UMBC research. If you know of UMBC research projects with a positive impact on people’s daily lives, please e-mail information to researchnews@umbc.edu.

12/13/2004

 

 

Helping to Save the “Other Bay”

 

While Mid-Atlantic residents are often reminded to preserve the beauty and health of the Chesapeake Bay, Assistant Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering Upal Ghosh recently did some hard-hat meets high-tech fieldwork to help protect the West Coast’s most famous bay from cancer-causing pollutants.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), carcinogenic chemicals often found in waterways near cities and industrial areas, are at the heart of Ghosh’s research. Commercial fishing is banned in the San Francisco Bay due to high PCB levels in the fish. Many other U.S. port areas are in a similar state, including the Chesapeake Bay watershed, where PCB contamination has caused warnings against eating fish from most major rivers.

Ghosh helped develop an innovative approach to sediment clean-up that trades a white lab coat for a hard hat and wading boots. His technique uses a heavy-duty machine—the AquaMog—as a sort of underwater rototiller to mix activated carbon into contaminated Bay sediment.

“This process binds up the PCBs into the carbon, making them less available to bottom-dwelling organisms and fish and less likely to escape into the surrounding waters,” said Ghosh. “It’s the first time researchers are doing this in a large area using heavy equipment.” 

The U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) and the U.S. Navy supports ongoing evaluation of the technology. To test the process, the team exposes caged clams in the sediments and then measures their PCB uptake. Ghosh also checks the water quality at treated sites to monitor PCB levels being released into the Bay watershed.

The San Francisco Bay project is a collaboration with Stanford University faculty and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Ghosh and Richard Luthy, professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford, have a patent pending on the technology application.

The research team was recently awarded a project by the DOD to do a more extensive pilot demonstration study at the same site. Ghosh also receives funding from the Environmental Protection Agency to test the technology on freshwater sediments from areas of environmental concern near the Great Lakes.

“I’m excited that a technology I conceived five years ago is now going into field trial,” said Ghosh. “There is a great potential to revolutionize the way we clean up contaminated waterways in the future.”

For more details about these and other research projects at UMBC, watch the home page for the debut of a new online home for UMBC research. If you know of UMBC research projects with a positive impact on people’s daily lives, please e-mail information to researchnews@umbc.edu.

12/13/2004