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<Title>UMBC manufacturing research center gets boost from new partnership with U.S. Army</Title>
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    <img width="150" height="150" src="https://umbc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/CWIT-OT-Demo23-4550-resized-150x150.jpg" alt="Man stands in front of poster with symbols of robots, trucks, computers and talks to group of seated students." style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;">
    <p>The <a href="https://crem-usa.com/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">Center for Research in Emergent Manufacturing (CREM)</a>, which started as the ambitious idea of two UMBC researchers in 2019, is launching a major new project with the U.S. Army and other partners this year. UMBC has received an initial amount of more than $3 million to fund the first year of the project, which will investigate ways to digitize the army’s supply chain.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>CREM is led by director <strong>Nilanjan Banerjee</strong>, professor of computer science and electrical engineering, and associate director <strong>Donna Ruginski</strong>, associate vice president for center development in the <a href="https://research.umbc.edu/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">Office of Research and Creative Achievement</a> at UMBC. It aims to help manufacturers reap the benefits, and manage the risks, of new manufacturing approaches increasingly centered around computer systems—a concept known as digital manufacturing.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>Since its founding, the center has already established programs to educate manufacturing professionals in cybersecurity. The new project will significantly advance the center’s research activities and impact. </p>
    
    
    
    <p>“The partnership with the army is an important step in our evolution as a research center. We will be working on cutting edge problems for the Army in the areas of digitization,” says Banerjee.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>“We’re new and full of energy,” says Ruginski. “I’m confident we’ll make a difference.”  </p>
    
    
    
    <h4><strong>From spinning jennies to generative AI</strong></h4>
    
    
    
    <p>Manufacturing has come a long way since the 18th-century textile industry was revolutionized by the invention of machines such as spinning jennies, which greatly increased the amount of thread a single worker could produce. Since then, new technologies, such as the electric grid in the early 20<sup>th</sup> century and computers in the mid-century, brought further waves of change to the way goods are made.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>On a modern factory floor, robots and their computer control systems increasingly take the place of humans in the assembly process, and the future of manufacturing will likely be even more automated and digitized than it is today. Companies are increasingly turning to new technologies such as smart sensors, AI, cloud computing, and advanced analytics to increase the flexibility, resilience, and efficiency of their operations. This transformation—called industry 4.0—holds enormous promise to improve living standards by increasing productivity, but it also comes with some perils, including vulnerability to cyberattacks.</p>
    
    
    
    <img width="1200" height="800" src="https://umbc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/CWIT-OT-Demo23-4571-resized.jpg" alt="Robot arm and electronic equipment." style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;">Equipment in the operations technology cyber range. (Marlayna Demond ’11/UMBC)
    
    
    
    <h4><strong>Training and research</strong></h4>
    
    
    
    <p>UMBC aims to help manufacturers navigate the industry 4.0 shift. Part of that mission will be to educate future workers in digital manufacturing, be they UMBC students or working professionals looking to expand their skill set.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>In 2020, under the auspices of CREM, Banerjee and Ruginski launched the Cybersecurity for Manufacturing Operational Technology (<a href="https://cymot.org/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">CyMOT</a>) program to train manufacturing professionals in best practices for preventing cyberattacks on manufacturing operations. Through the program, CREM has educated more than 300 manufacturers from small and medium-sized businesses.  </p>
    
    
    
    <p>“The manufacturing sector has suffered a number of cyberattacks recently, so it’s important to make sure people in the sector are trained in cybersecurity,” says Banerjee.  </p>
    
    
    
    <p>CREM also hosts a state-of-the-art cybersecurity training and research facility, called a cyber range, specifically focused on digital manufacturing technology—one of only a few in the country. In the coming months, the cyber range will move to a new and dedicated location on the UMBC campus.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>“The research and training efforts conducted by CREM under Dr. Banerjee’s leadership have wide-ranging consequences,” says <strong>Karl Steiner</strong>, the vice president for research and creative achievement at UMBC. “As digital manufacturing rapidly becomes a national and global standard, it is critical to develop adaptive cybersecurity strategies and protocols to secure the global supply pipeline. I am delighted that CREM is supported through one of three major research partnerships that UMBC developed in recent years with the U.S. Army.”</p>
    
    
    
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<Summary>The Center for Research in Emergent Manufacturing (CREM), which started as the ambitious idea of two UMBC researchers in 2019, is launching a major new project with the U.S. Army and other...</Summary>
<Website>https://umbc.edu/stories/crem-manufacturing-research-army/</Website>
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<Title>Remembering Ed Orser (1941 &#8211; 2024)</Title>
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    <p>“How do you ground the American experience in something you can get your hands around?” asks Orser. “I always thought it was helpful to bring things down to a certain scale. Maybe because that’s as much as I could try to get my mind around, but also it is because in some ways, that’s where we live our lives.”</p>
    <p>– W. Ed Orser, quoted in <a href="https://umbc.edu/stories/locale-hero/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">Locale Hero</a>, <em>UMBC Review</em>, by Richard Byrne</p>
    <p>It is with great sadness that we share the news that W. Edward (Ed) Orser passed away on Monday, January 8, 2024. Ed was a beloved professor and researcher in the Department of American Studies at UMBC for over forty years. Upon his retirement in 2010, and in his honor, the Orser Center for the Study of Community, Place, and Culture was established at UMBC to foster innovative collaborations among scholars, students, and local community organizations across the disciplines whose research and teaching explore place-based study, especially focused on the Baltimore region. </p>
    <p></p>
    <p>Ed Orser earned a Ph.D. in American Studies from the University of New Mexico and came to UMBC in 1969, just four years after the university was formed, as one of the founding faculty members of the Department of American Studies. He served numerous terms as chair of the department and developed foundational courses still taught today. </p>
    <p>Ed’s teaching and research interests were always closely connected. His courses on “Community in American Culture” and “American Environments: Landscape and Culture” not only became central parts of the American Studies curriculum, but led to a variety of research projects with students and to themes that became the focus of his own scholarship. Ed’s work as a publicly-engaged scholar in the local community was an inspiration for the <a href="https://cahss.umbc.edu/publichumanities/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">Minor in Public Humanities</a> for the College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences (CAHSS), which is fittingly located in the Orser Center in American Studies.</p>
    
    <p>Ed’s publications explore the social and cultural dynamics of the Baltimore region. His examination of the phenomenon of massive racial change in West Baltimore during the 1950s and 1960s led to the first book-length study of blockbusting and its consequences in post-World War II cities: <a href="https://www.kentuckypress.com/9780813109350/blockbusting-in-baltimore/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo"><em>Blockbusting in Baltimore: The Edmondson Village Story</em></a> (University Press of Kentucky, 1994, 1997). <em>Blockbusting in Baltimore</em> was an influential, and widely imitated, text that is still cited in emerging scholarship on Baltimore and cities like it.</p>
    <p></p>
    <p>A collaborative research and teaching project with Professor Joseph Arnold of the History Department, resulted in an on-campus exhibition and the co-authored publication of <em>From Village to Suburb: Catonsville, 1880-1940</em> (Donning Publishing Company, 1989). His first book, <em>Searching for a Viable Alternative: The Macedonia Cooperative Community, 1937-1958</em> (Burt Franklin, 1981) explored the effort by a group of pacifists to establish an alternative community in North Georgia during and following World War II. </p>
    <p>Articles on related topics have appeared in such journals as <em>American Studies</em>, <em>Church History</em>, the <em>Maryland Historical Magazine</em>, the <em>International Journal of Oral History</em>, the <em>Public Historian</em>, and the <em>Journal of Urban History</em>. Ed’s interest in environmental history in the Baltimore area resulted in publication of <a href="https://www.arcadiapublishing.com/collections/the-history-press-1/products/9781596294769" rel="nofollow external" class="bo"><em>The Gwynns Falls: Baltimore Greenway to the Chesapeake Bay</em></a> (The History Press, 2008) and the article, “A Tale of Two Park Plans: The Olmsted’s Vision for Baltimore and Seattle, 1903” (Maryland Historical Magazine, Winter 2003). His public history activity included co-authorship of <a href="https://www.balmori.com/portfolio/the-gwynns-fall-trail-masterplan" rel="nofollow external" class="bo"><em>The Gwynns Falls Trail Master Plan</em></a> (with Diana Balmori, et al., 1995).</p>
    <p>Ed received the UMBC Presidential Teaching Award in 1999 and the University System of Maryland Regents Award for Excellence in Teaching in 2003. The Baltimore Historical Society conferred Historian Honors recognition upon him in 2007.</p>
    <p></p>
    <p>Though deeply committed to Baltimore and UMBC, Ed also taught American Studies in a variety of international settings. In 1990-1991 he served as Senior Fulbright Lecturer at the University of Zagreb in Yugoslavia. In 2007, he taught in the American Studies Department at the University of Swansea in Wales. Prior to coming to UMBC, Ed served as a United States Peace Corps Volunteer teacher in Ethiopia. In his substantial service role at UMBC he was President of the Faculty Senate (1996-8) and a member of numerous university committees. </p>
    <p>In retirement Ed served as president of the <a href="https://www.olmstedmaryland.org/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">Friends of Maryland’s Olmsted Parks &amp; Landscapes</a>, a preservation and advocacy organization, and as Coordinator of the Urban Resources Initiative Internship program, which places interns with projects in Baltimore’s Department of Recreation and Parks and the Parks &amp; People Foundation. </p>
    <p></p>
    
    <p>Ed and his wife Jo lived for many years in the Hunting Ridge neighborhood of Baltimore and he was known to bike to the UMBC campus. Ed and Jo recently moved to Charlestown Senior Living in Catonsville, where Ed continued to enjoy connecting with UMBC alumni and faculty.</p>
    <p>Ed will be remembered for his contributions to how we understand cities, especially Baltimore, and issues of environmental justice. He influenced generations of students and mentored many faculty members. His kindness, humility, and generosity will be greatly missed in the Department of American Studies, the Orser Center, and across the UMBC campus.</p>
    <p></p>
    <p>We send our sincere condolences to Ed’s beloved family and invite the UMBC community to attend a memorial service celebrating Ed’s long and rich life at 11 a.m. on Saturday, January 20, at Salem Lutheran Church, 905 Frederick Road in Catonsville. All who knew and loved him are invited to attend. In lieu of flowers, the family requests contributions be made to Salem Lutheran Church (<a href="http://www.salem-catonsville.org/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">www.Salem-Catonsville.org/</a>) or the Charlestown Scholars’ Fund (<a href="http://www.ccicharlestown.org/giving/scholars-fund" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">www.ccicharlestown.org/giving/scholars-fund</a>).</p>
    <p>In honor of Ed’s long contributions to the fields of urban and American studies, the Department of American Studies and the Orser Center are co-sponsoring a <a href="https://my3.my.umbc.edu/groups/dreshercenter/events/124826" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">Humanities Forum</a> lecture by noted urban historian Davarian Baldwin on May 1, 2024. American Studies &amp; the Orser Center will continue to find ways to recognize the work of Ed Orser and his engagement with the study of place and community in the Baltimore region. A donation can be made to support that work in Ed’s name on the Department’s <a href="https://amst.umbc.edu/alumni/give/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">Giving Page</a>.</p>
    <div></div>
    
    <p>You can read Ed’s obituary <a href="https://www.cremationsocietyofmd.com/obituaries/William-Edward-Orser?obId=30314855" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">here</a>.</p>
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]]>
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<Summary>“How do you ground the American experience in something you can get your hands around?” asks Orser. “I always thought it was helpful to bring things down to a certain scale. Maybe because that’s...</Summary>
<Website>https://my3.my.umbc.edu/groups/announcements/posts/138175</Website>
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<PostedAt>Fri, 12 Jan 2024 17:34:18 -0500</PostedAt>
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<NewsItem contentIssues="false" id="138172" important="false" status="posted" url="https://beta.my.umbc.edu/groups/j-1/posts/138172">
<Title>UMBC welcomes Manfred H. M. van Dulmen as new provost and senior vice president</Title>
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<![CDATA[
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    <img width="150" height="150" src="https://umbc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Spring-Campus23-3419-resized-150x150.jpg" alt="Students walk between brick academic buildings. Trees with leaves line walkway." style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;">
    <p>UMBC President <strong>Valerie Sheares Ashby</strong> has announced that <strong>Manfred H. M. van Dulmen</strong> will join the university in July as provost and senior vice president. He will succeed interim provost David Dauwalder.</p>
    
    
    
    <img width="731" height="1024" src="https://umbc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Manfred-van-Dulmen_3-731x1024.jpg" alt="Head shot of man in suit and tie." style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;">Manfred H. M. van Dulmen 
    
    
    
    <p> “From the first time I met him, Manfred’s commitment to students, his care for people with whom he worked, his humility, and his drive for mission-driven excellence were clear, as was his desire to be at UMBC,” says President Sheares Ashby. “I could not be more thrilled about this appointment.”</p>
    
    
    
    <p>Van Dulmen says UMBC’s values of inclusive excellence and history of innovation attracted him to the role, and he is excited to work with the UMBC community to articulate strategic priorities and chart a course to the future.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>“It is a tremendous opportunity and privilege to be chosen to serve in this role, to build on the incredible history and legacy of the institution to further its excellence and its role as a national leader in higher education,” he said.</p>
    
    
    
    <h4><strong>A record of success in academic leadership</strong></h4>
    
    
    
    <p>Van Dulmen comes to UMBC from Kent State University in Ohio, where he is currently serving as senior associate provost and dean of the Graduate College. He started at Kent State as a faculty member in the Department of Psychological Sciences in 2004, and since then served in numerous academic leadership positions at the university, including as interim department chair and associate dean of the College of Arts and Sciences. He led Kent State through the COVID-19 pandemic and developed strategies for enhancing graduate education and for supporting student mental health. He also led strategic planning in academic affairs, helped to enhance and promote research strength across all disciplines, and led efforts resulting in new collaborative degree programs in data science and cybersecurity, as well as in innovative micro-credential programs at Kent State.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>“As a first-generation college student and a first-generation immigrant to the U.S. who attended graduate school in America, Manfred is passionate about the transformative power of higher education and about its public mission in service of students and society broadly,” says President Sheares Ashby.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>Van Dulmen is an award-winning scholar with a Ph.D. in family social science from the University of Minnesota. He has received millions of dollars in research funding, published more than 100 articles and book chapters, and edited or co-edited three books. He also founded and served as editor-in-chief of the Sage Publications journal <em>Emerging Adulthood</em>. His research interests include adolescent and young adult relationships and experiences, externalizing behavior problems and aggression, and measurement and methodology.</p>
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<Summary>UMBC President Valerie Sheares Ashby has announced that Manfred H. M. van Dulmen will join the university in July as provost and senior vice president. He will succeed interim provost David...</Summary>
<Website>https://umbc.edu/stories/umbc-welcomes-manfred-h-m-van-dulmen-as-new-provost-and-senior-vice-president/</Website>
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<PostedAt>Fri, 12 Jan 2024 15:55:01 -0500</PostedAt>
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<NewsItem contentIssues="false" id="138152" important="false" status="posted" url="https://beta.my.umbc.edu/groups/j-1/posts/138152">
<Title>Leadership Announcement</Title>
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    <div>Dear UMBC Community,</div>
    <div> </div>
    <div>It is my great pleasure to share the wonderful news that Manfred H. M. van Dulmen has accepted our invitation to join UMBC as provost and senior vice president. Manfred, who will begin in the role in July, currently serves as senior associate provost and dean of the Graduate College at Kent State University in Ohio, where he has spent the bulk of his career. I could not be more thrilled about this appointment, and I am deeply grateful to the members of the search committee and all who participated in this critically important search. </div>
    <div> </div>
    <div>A faculty member in the Department of Psychological Sciences at Kent State since 2004 and a full professor since 2015, Manfred has excelled in academic leadership at all levels, including as interim department chair, associate dean of the College of Arts and Sciences, dean of the Graduate College, and associate provost for academic affairs and senior associate provost in the Office of the Provost. In these roles, he has led strategic planning in academic affairs; led the university through the COVID-19 pandemic; and developed strategies for enhancing graduate education and for supporting student mental health at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. He is deeply committed to diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging, centering these principles in all his work.</div>
    <div> </div>
    <div>Like UMBC, Kent State is a public Research 1 institution that values the combination of student success and research excellence. Manfred’s own record as a faculty member and an administrator demonstrates his understanding of faculty excellence as the integration of teaching, research, and service. </div>
    <div> </div>
    <div>In coming to know UMBC, he cited such integration–that teaching, research, and service go hand-in-hand here–as a standout quality. And he said UMBC’s long-demonstrated interest in innovating and setting the course for where higher education needs to go spoke to him and contributed greatly to his enthusiasm for joining UMBC. He is particularly excited about working with the UMBC community to articulate and advance our strategic priorities for the future. </div>
    <div> </div>
    <div>As a first-generation college student and a first-generation immigrant to the U.S. who attended graduate school in America, Manfred is passionate about the transformative power of higher education and about its public mission in service of students and society broadly. </div>
    <div> </div>
    <div>From the first time I met him, his commitment to students, his care for people with whom he worked, his humility, and his drive for mission-driven excellence were clear, as was his desire to be at UMBC. The alignment of UMBC’s values with his own, along with the opportunity to help set the course for UMBC’s future, made this role–in this community, at this moment–uniquely appealing to him.</div>
    <div> </div>
    <div>“It is a tremendous opportunity and privilege to be chosen to serve in this role, to build on the incredible history and legacy of the institution to further its excellence and its role as a national leader in higher education,” he said. </div>
    <div> </div>
    <div>At Kent State, Manfred has helped to enhance and promote research strength across all disciplines. His own research is interdisciplinary in nature–his research interests include adolescent and young adult relationships and experiences, externalizing behavior problems and aggression, and measurement and methodology–and he has led efforts resulting in new collaborative degree programs in data science and cybersecurity, as well as in innovative micro-credential programs at Kent State. </div>
    <div> </div>
    <div>An award-winning scholar, he has received more than $6.5 million in research funding, published more than 100 articles and book chapters, and edited or co-edited three books. Manfred founded and served as editor-in-chief of the Sage Publications Journal Emerging Adulthood. Before joining Kent State as an assistant professor in 2004, Manfred was a research associate at the Institute of Child Development at the University of Minnesota, where he earned his Ph.D. in family social science. He holds a doctorandus (the equivalent of a master’s degree in the U.S.) in clinical child and adolescent psychology from Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. </div>
    <div> </div>
    <div>My sincere gratitude to the search committee, led by music Professor Linda Dusman, for its dedication and outstanding work that has led us to this terrific result. Please join me in thanking them and in extending a warm UMBC welcome to Manfred!</div>
    <div> </div>
    <div>Sincerely,</div>
    <div> </div>
    <div><em>President Valerie Sheares Ashby</em></div>
    
    </div></div>
]]>
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<Summary>Dear UMBC Community,       It is my great pleasure to share the wonderful news that Manfred H. M. van Dulmen has accepted our invitation to join UMBC as provost and senior vice president. Manfred,...</Summary>
<Website>https://my3.my.umbc.edu/groups/announcements/posts/138136</Website>
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<NewsItem contentIssues="true" id="138143" important="false" status="posted" url="https://beta.my.umbc.edu/groups/j-1/posts/138143">
<Title>Before 3 amputations, Chandra Smith was already an accessibility-for-all advocate</Title>
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<![CDATA[
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    <img width="150" height="150" src="https://umbc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Chandra-Smith23-0309-150x150.jpg" alt="" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;">
    <p><em>By <a href="http://JessieNewburnWriter.com" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">Jessie Newburn</a></em></p>
    
    
    
    <p>It’s 4 a.m. on a Wednesday—earlier than most people rise, though a preference for <strong>Chandra Smith</strong>, M.S. ’21, <a href="https://informationsystems.umbc.edu/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">information systems</a>. After saying her daily devotion, she begins to get ready for the day ahead: brushing her teeth, taking a shower, getting dressed and having some breakfast. </p>
    
    
    
    <p>If she’s lucky, the day ahead is one where her employer’s “reasonable accommodations” for her disabilities allow her to work from home rather than having to schedule a Paratransit bus pickup near Baltimore, then get on the Marc train to D.C., then get picked up by another Paratransit bus to take her to work at the Defense Intelligence Agency: a process that takes several hours—each way—assuming the bus even shows up, which doesn’t always happen.</p>
    
    
    
    <img width="683" height="1024" src="https://umbc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Chandra-Smith23-0356-683x1024.jpg" alt="a woman in all black with a black hat sits in a wheelchair on academic row" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;">Smith on a visit to campus in 2023. (Marlayna Demond ’11/UMBC)
    
    
    
    <p>Everything Smith does now, even previously simple tasks such as getting dressed, have become complicated, time-consuming, and in her words, “close to an Olympic sport,” ever since Chandra’s Life As She Knew It screeched to a halt in the fall of 2021 when she fainted after fasting for religious purposes. She was medevaced to Georgetown University Hospital, when her body started shutting down, and then she was pumped with medicines to keep her organs functioning. </p>
    
    
    
    <p>While life-saving, the emergency medicine she was given caused blood from her extremities to move to her core, essentially causing medical burns on 25 percent of her body and sepsis, triggering yet another medical emergency.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>When a doctor told her she had 10 minutes to decide whether she wanted to live or die—with one small caveat: she’d be a triple amputee—Smith chose life. </p>
    
    
    
    <p>She would go on to clock one year and one day from entering the hospital to exiting it, experiencing along the way: a stroke, dialysis, severe liver ketosis, three amputations, 10 painful surgeries (on one foot alone), and a host of other medical issues, procedures, and therapies. </p>
    
    
    
    <p>Little did Smith know then, but the master’s degree in information systems she received from UMBC earlier that year would soon position her for a new role, a new voice and, ultimately, a new mission, not just within her job at the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), but in life. </p>
    
    
    
    <h4>“An upfront and center seat”</h4>
    
    
    
    <p>At age 32, Smith wasn’t looking for the campus-immersion experience she’d had when she was younger. “UMBC’s online masters program was the perfect mix of everything I wanted,” Smith says. Easy access to courses, professors with real-world experience, and fellow students from many walks of life and many parts of the world made picking UMBC an easy choice for Smith.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>“I felt like I had an upfront and center seat in the field I was studying, as my professors wove challenges they faced in their jobs into the class instruction,” Smith says. Though, when reflecting on her experience at UMBC, the connections with other students stood out as most memorable to her. </p>
    
    
    
    <p>“As I continued in the program, I often found myself in classes with people I’d met and worked with in previous classes,” she says. “To this day, I still come across people I recognize from the program when attending various professional conferences and events.”</p>
    
    
    
    <h4>A door opens</h4>
    
    
    
    <p>Long cloaked behind a “national-security exemption,” the nation’s seven intelligence agencies—including Smith’s employer, the DIA—had in <a href="https://intelligencecommunitynews.com/dia-seeks-508-compliance-sources/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">recent years started addressing</a> the complications of providing accessible technologies for disabled employees who needed what are called “reasonable accommodations” in order to do their work. This issue was particularly complex for those whose work involved top-clearance activities. For the DIA, a key area of concern was making sure their internal website met federal accessibility standards and requirements for online content.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>The agency needed an IT engineer who could review various technologies used by employees—such as a Bluetooth hearing device for deaf or hard-of-hearing employees who need to access sensitive compartmented Information rooms or voice-to-text tools for someone with limited hand mobility. The official could then grant approval to use these technologies in national intelligence and top-secret environments. Smith, with her new degree in information systems, was the only person in her department with the skills to do this work.</p>
    
    
    
    <img width="768" height="960" src="https://umbc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/image4.jpeg" alt="four people pose, in the center is 2024 Ms Wheelchair America, a spokesperson for accessibility for all
    " style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;">From left to right: Anne Arundel County Executive Steuart Pittman; Carol Beatty, Maryland Department of Disabilities; Chandra Smith, Ms. Wheelchair America 2024; Karrisa Kelly, director, Department of Aging and Disabilities. (Photo courtesy of Smith)
    
    
    
    <p>“The job just fell in my lap after I graduated,” Smith says, who notes that in this “before” version of her life, she saw the position as important, but it had yet to become personal to her. “As I dove in, I found the field and challenges fascinating in that I had to balance significant national-security concerns with the legitimate and legally compelling needs for people with various disabilities to be given ‘reasonable accommodations’ to do their intelligence-related work.” </p>
    
    
    
    <h4>And then things became personal</h4>
    
    
    
    <p>Only several months after earning her master’s degree, Smith experienced her medical trauma and began her year-long hospital stay of surgeries, occupational therapy, and recovery—including six months in the burn unit. But in the midst of this, Smith found time to apply for a higher government position, received the promotion, and came back to the DIA a notch up in her career, with more fire in her than ever and now positioned as a team lead, mentor, and accessibility policy creator. </p>
    
    
    
    <p>“It’s one thing to try and think like someone who has various disabilities,” Smith says. “It’s another thing to be that person: to be a triple amputee and someone who, essentially, doesn’t have functioning appendages.” (Her one remaining appendage—her right hand—was rendered near-useless and stiff when she had a stroke in the hospital.) “There are so many more nuances and deeper levels of understanding about universal design and accessible technology I understand now because I have to face these hurdles and challenges myself.” </p>
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    <div>
    	<blockquote>
    		
    		<div>	
    			<div>
    				<div>“</div>
    			</div>
    
    			<div>
    				<p>At UMBC, I felt like I had an upfront and center seat in the field I was studying, as my professors wove challenges they faced in their jobs into the class instruction.</p>
    
    				
    
    				
    				<p>Chandra Smith, M.S. ’21</p>
    										
    								</div>
    
    		</div>		
    	</blockquote>
    </div>
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    <p>In her new role, she still advocates for expanded definitions of reasonable accommodation hardware and software for employees, but now Smith gravitates toward policy and agency-wide mandates. And she’s creating change not just at the DIA, but across all the nation’s intelligence agencies. “I’m absolutely and avidly an advocate for universal design and making these technologies available to more people.”</p>
    
    
    
    <p>Smith has had to advocate for herself and her own needs, too, including a desk printer she can access from her wheelchair, a sit-to-stand desk, working from home for a significant portion of the week, voice-recognition software, speech-to-text software, and a policy change for the need to provide biodata such as fingerprints. She asks, “How can someone provide a fingerprint if they don’t have a hand?” </p>
    
    
    
    <h4>There she is … </h4>
    
    
    
    <p>Of all the things a younger Smith <em>never</em> saw in her future, being crowned Ms. Wheelchair America 2024 was certainly one of them.</p>
    
    
    
    <img width="1200" height="763" src="https://umbc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/chandra-1200x763.jpg" alt="five women in ballgowns pose in wheelchairs wearing sashes. a guide dog lays down in the front." style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;">Top 5 contestants and members of the board at the 2024 Ms. Wheelchair America (MWA) pageant. For the past 52 years, MWA has given women with disabilities an opportunity to enact meaningful change in society. (Photo courtesy of Smith)
    
    
    
    <p>But after her medical trauma, she was encouraged to compete in the Ms. Wheelchair Maryland 2023 contest, which she won; and that title allowed her to compete nationally, which she also won. More of a competition about resilience, advocacy, and helping to eliminate architectural and attitudinal barriers people with disabilities experience in the world, Smith’s response was, “I can do that!”</p>
    
    
    
    <p>“The contest judges and members of the board were quite taken with Chandra’s presence, the clarity and logic with which she advocates about universal design, her personal story and challenges… and coming out all the stronger,” says Shelly Loose, president of Ms. Wheelchair America.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>“Even before I was so personally impacted by these workplace and daily accessibility challenges of being disabled,” says Smith, “I could already see how designing for the few helps the many.”</p>
    
    
    
    <img width="320" height="282" src="https://umbc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/image7.jpeg" alt="a man bends down to shake hands with a woman with disabilities using a wheelchair" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;">Maryland governor Wes Moore shakes hands with Smith at the governor’s mansion. (Photo courtesy of Smith)
    
    
    
    <p>For example, closed captioning of videos for hearing-impaired people helps many others with improved comprehension and retention. Ramps into buildings help people in wheelchairs <em>and</em> parents with strollers. “Universal design is inclusive. It should be the starting point, not an afterthought,” Smith says.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>Maryland Governor Wes Moore heard of Smith’s work after she testified for a Prince George’s County universal-access bill. Soon after, he appointed her to a three-year term on the Maryland Commission on Disabilities, where she’s already working on accessibility policy recommendations to support a variety of disabilities. “We just recommended rewriting the MVA manual to a 6th-grade level to accommodate those with learning and reading disabilities,” Smith says. “Disabilities manifest in many ways—seen and unseen.”</p>
    
    
    
    <h4>Architecture and attitudes toward accessibility</h4>
    
    
    
    <p>For as much as Smith and others advocate for universal design and reasonable accommodations at work, at the end of the day, people and their attitudes about their peers with disabilities are the biggest hurdle to overcome, she says. </p>
    
    
    
    <p>When Smith returned to work after her medical trauma, one coworker said, “If that happened to me, I’d kill myself.” Another one asked, “Do you know you’re missing a leg?”</p>
    
    
    
    <p>Eyes rolled but mind set, Smith plows on. “There aren’t many people who look like me in a military-focused work environment, as most people who are disabled or use a wheelchair are discharged and don’t return to their former jobs,” she says. </p>
    
    
    
    <p>While Smith has suffered quite a few “slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,” as Shakespeare put it, she knows the way forward is, well, forward. “When I was an able-bodied person, I had some bad days. As a disabled person, I have some incapacitating days. But I’ve come to understand that having difficult days doesn’t make a bad life. I appreciate more things now. I have more gratitude,” Smith says. </p>
    
    
    
    <p>“I know it’s cliché and a bit corny, but if I help one employer add voice-to-text software for their employees or one property manager install a ramp for a building, I’ve done my job,” Smith says. “Universal design is a core value; it’s a perspective; it’s a way of seeing the world and making things accessible for all because—and I can speak from experience here—being disabled is a club anyone can join at any moment for any reason.”</p>
    </div>
]]>
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<Summary>By Jessie Newburn      It’s 4 a.m. on a Wednesday—earlier than most people rise, though a preference for Chandra Smith, M.S. ’21, information systems. After saying her daily devotion, she begins...</Summary>
<Website>https://umbc.edu/stories/chandra-smith-works-for-accessibility-for-all/</Website>
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<NewsItem contentIssues="false" id="138085" important="false" status="posted" url="https://beta.my.umbc.edu/groups/j-1/posts/138085">
<Title>Taiwanese election may determine whether Beijing opts to force the issue of&#160;reunification</Title>
<Body>
<![CDATA[
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    <img width="150" height="150" src="https://umbc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/file-20240108-19-kmxh2e-150x150.jpg" alt="Large billboards with images of a man and a woman promoting the Taiwanese election" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;">
    <p><em>Written by <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/meredith-oyen-409449" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">Meredith Oyen</a>, <a href="https://history.umbc.edu/facultystaff/full-time/meredith-oyen/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">associate professor of history and Asian studies</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-maryland-baltimore-county-1667" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">UMBC</a></em></p>
    
    
    
    <p>When the votes are being tallied in <a href="https://www.vox.com/world-politics/2024/1/6/24026992/taiwan-china-president-war-xi-jinping-asia-semiconductors-chips" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">Taiwan’s presidential election</a>, it won’t be only the <a href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/taiwan/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">23.6 million inhabitants of the island</a> eagerly awaiting the result of the Taiwanese election – in Beijing and Washington, too, there will be some anxious faces.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>The vote of Jan. 13, 2024, is seen as a litmus test for the future of cross-strait relations, coming at a time when the status quo over Taiwan – a territory <a href="https://theconversation.com/is-taiwan-a-country-or-not-213638" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">Beijing claims as an integral part of “one China</a>” – is being challenged. If Taiwan’s incumbent, independence-oriented party stays in power, Chinese leader Xi Jinping might feel he has no choice but to force the issue of reunification.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>Conversely, if the opposition – which agrees with Beijing that Taiwan and the mainland are part of “one China” but not about who governs it – wins the election, Beijing might feel it has more space to be patient on the issue.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>In the run-up to the vote, Beijing has <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/china-says-taiwan-is-hyping-up-military-threat-its-own-gain-2023-12-28/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">ramped up military exercises</a> in and around the Taiwan Strait in an apparent warning to Taiwanese voters. On Jan. 6, in one of the most recent incidents, China <a href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/taiwan-chinese-balloons-harassment-threat-air-safety-106154165" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">sent a series of balloons</a> over the island, which the Taiwan government cited as a threat to air travel and an attempt at intimidation.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>Meanwhile, in his <a href="https://www.mfa.gov.cn/eng/zxxx_662805/202312/t20231231_11215608.html" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">annual New Year’s address</a>, Xi stated that “China will surely be reunified,” raising fears internationally that he intends to pursue the issue militarily if necessary.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>For Washington, too, the outcome of the vote <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/2/us-watching-taiwan-elections-closely-as-beijing-reiterates-claim-to-island" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">will have implications</a>. The United States has cultivated strong ties with the current leadership of Taiwan. But recent tensions in the strait have raised the risk of war. U.S. actions deemed provocative by Beijing, such as the 2022 <a href="https://theconversation.com/why-nancy-pelosis-visit-to-taiwan-puts-the-white-house-in-delicate-straits-of-diplomacy-with-china-188116" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">visit of then-Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi to Taiwan</a>, have resulted in China upping its military threats in the strait. And this has raised speculation that China’s patience is growing thin and its timeline for reunification is growing shorter.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>Meanwhile, <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/articles/but-can-the-united-states-defend-taiwan/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">questions about the U.S. capacity</a> to respond to any Chinese aggression over Taiwan have risen; the specter of war in a third region of the world – after Ukraine and Israel – <a href="https://www.newsweek.com/top-us-general-warns-everyone-should-worried-about-war-china-1849085" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">worries national security leadership</a> in Washington.</p>
    
    
    
    <h4>Independence on the ballot?</h4>
    
    
    
    <p>The presidential election in Taiwan has come down to a three-way race. The front-runner is <a href="https://www.cfr.org/blog/taiwans-2024-presidential-election-analyzing-william-lais-foreign-policy-positions" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">current Vice President William Lai</a>,* who is the candidate of the Democratic Progressive Party. The DPP views Taiwan as a sovereign country and does not seek reunification with China.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>Lai’s challengers are New Taipei City mayor Hou Yu-ih, of the Kuomintang (KMT), and Ko Wen-je, a former mayor of Taipei running for the center-left Taiwan People’s Party (TPP). The KMT embraces the idea of future reunification with China under a democratic government. The TPP criticizes both DPP and KMT platforms on cross-strait relations as too extreme and seeks a middle ground that maintains the status quo: A Taiwan that is de facto sovereign, but with strong economic and cultural ties with China.</p>
    
    
    
    <img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/568313/original/file-20240108-17-qkzx3b.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt="A woman makes a heart shape with her arms, behind her are people carrying flags and placards. Taiwanese election" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;">Supporters of Kuomintang at a campaign rally in Taichung, Taiwan, on Jan. 8, 2024. (<a href="https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/supporters-listen-kuomintang-presidential-candidate-hou-yu-news-photo/1910638618?adppopup=true" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">Man Hei Leung/Anadolu via Getty Images</a>)
    
    
    
    <p>Taiwan law mandates that no polls are published in the 10 days before the election. As of Jan. 3, when the final polls were published, <a href="https://www.economist.com/interactive/2024-taiwan-election" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">averages had Lai leading</a> with 36%, with Hou at 31% and Ko at 24%.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>Lai has consistently led in the polls, prompting the KMT and TPP to earlier <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/taiwans-opposition-parties-decide-joint-presidential-ticket-2023-11-15/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">consider running on a joint ticket</a>. But the two parties <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-67471139" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">failed to agree on terms</a>, and the coalition attempt imploded.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>This may prove crucial, as joining forces may have represented the best chance of a KMT candidate being elected – an outcome that may have cooled tensions with Beijing.</p>
    
    
    
    <h4>Taiwanese democracy</h4>
    
    
    
    <p>The island of Taiwan has been governed as the “Republic of China” since 1949, when the KMT <a href="https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/chinese-rev" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">lost a civil war to the Chinese Communist Party</a>. The CCP set up the People’s Republic of China on the mainland, and the KMT retreated to Taiwan.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>For decades, both the Republic of China and the People’s Republic of China diverged on every possible policy except one: Both governments agreed that there was <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/articles/understanding-the-one-china-policy/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">only one China</a>, and that Taiwan was a part of China. They each sought to unite Taiwan and the mainland – but under their own rule.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>Although that remains the goal in Beijing today, for Taiwan the outlook has started to change.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>The change began with <a href="https://www.aei.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/-democratic-transition-and-consolidation-in-taiwan_122745967872.pdf" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">Taiwanese democratization</a> – a process that began in the early 1990s after decades of autocratic rule. After gradually rolling out direct elections for the legislature, governors and mayors, the island held its <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1996/03/24/world/taiwan-s-leader-wins-its-election-and-a-mandate.html" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">first democratic election for president in 1996</a>. Despite Beijing holding military exercises in the Taiwan Strait in an attempt to interfere with the vote, the KMT-affiliated incumbent won against a DPP candidate with strong ties to the Taiwan independence movement.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>Four years later, the DPP’s candidate won and started the first of two consecutive terms. In 2008, a <a href="https://doi.org/10.4000/chinaperspectives.3423" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">KMT candidate returned to power</a>. But since 2016, Taiwan has been led by Tsai Ing-wen of the DPP.</p>
    
    
    
    <h4>Uneasy consensus</h4>
    
    
    
    <p>Cross-strait tensions tend to rise when the DPP is in office and calm somewhat when the KMT is in power. This isn’t because the KMT agrees with Beijing over the status of Taiwan – the party has always been clear that unification could happen only under its own government and never under the leadership of the Communist Party in Beijing. But the KMT affirms the idea that eventual unification with China is its goal for Taiwan.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>In 1992, representatives of the KMT and the CCP met in Hong Kong and reached the “<a href="https://thediplomat.com/2022/07/the-1992-consensus-why-it-worked-and-why-it-fell-apart/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">1992 Consensus</a>.” Despite the name, the two sides do not fully agree on what it meant. The KMT affirmed the idea of one China but noted disagreement on what the government of that China should be; the People’s Republic of China interpreted it as affirming one China under CCP rule.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>Still, the 1992 Consensus became the basis of a series of policies strengthening cross-strait ties, and it made KMT-led governments easier for the PRC to tolerate.</p>
    
    
    
    <h4>Pro-independence sentiment</h4>
    
    
    
    <p>Though speculation about the geopolitical fallout and China’s reaction to the election has <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/taiwan-election-poses-early-2024-test-us-aim-steady-china-ties-2024-01-05/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">dominated coverage</a> <a href="https://www.foxnews.com/world/china-tells-taiwan-vote-right-side-history-election-could-determine-cross-strait-relations" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">of the vote</a> <a href="https://www.scmp.com/economy/article/3247604/global-impact-taiwan-heads-polls-what-does-islands-presidential-election-mean-cross-strait-and-us" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">around the world</a>, for Taiwan voters, independence is one of several critical issues the island faces. The <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/articles/what-are-the-key-issues-in-taiwans-2024-presidential-election/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">economy frequently rises even above cross-strait issues</a> in importance, with many voters expressing concern over the rapid rise of housing prices, stagnating salaries, slow economic growth and how the incumbent party handled the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>On the issue of independence itself, Taiwanese polls have shown a creep toward pro-independence sentiment. As of September 2023, <a href="https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2023/09/02/2003805648" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">nearly half of Taiwanese voters</a> said they preferred independence (48.9%) for the island, while 26.9% sought a continuation of the status quo. A shrinking minority – now just 11.8% – said they hoped for future reunification.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>If the DPP remains in power, Beijing may feel the pressure to force the issue of reunification. Xi has called for the Chinese military to be capable of <a href="https://media.defense.gov/2023/Apr/24/2003205865/-1/-1/1/07-AMONSON%20&amp;%20EGLI_FEATURE%20IWD.PDF" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">a successful cross-strait invasion by 2027</a>, though a forceful reunification effort might include a combination of economic blockade and military pressure.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>If that were to be the case, U.S. commitments to Taiwan – along with U.S. credibility among its Asian allies – could be on the line. President Joe Biden has repeatedly said that he is <a href="https://umbc.edu/stories/biden-again-indicates-that-us-will-defend-taiwan-militarily/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">prepared to defend the island militarily</a> against an attack from mainland China.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>Already in 2024, the U.S. is having to contend with two significant conflicts that are demanding its attention. How Taiwanese voters mark their ballot – and how policymakers in Beijing respond – may determine whether a third war is more or less likely.</p>
    
    
    
    <hr>
    
    
    
    <p>This article is republished from<em> <a href="https://theconversation.com" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">The Conversation</a></em> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/taiwanese-election-may-determine-whether-beijing-opts-to-force-the-issue-of-reunification-217955" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">original article</a> and see <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-maryland-baltimore-county-1667" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">more than 250 UMBC articles</a> available in <em>The Conversation</em>.</p>
    </div>
]]>
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<Summary>Written by Meredith Oyen, associate professor of history and Asian studies, UMBC      When the votes are being tallied in Taiwan’s presidential election, it won’t be only the 23.6 million...</Summary>
<Website>https://umbc.edu/stories/taiwanese-election-and-reunification-with-beijing/</Website>
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<NewsItem contentIssues="false" id="138029" important="false" status="posted" url="https://beta.my.umbc.edu/groups/j-1/posts/138029">
<Title>The US invented shopping malls, but China is writing their next&#160;chapter</Title>
<Body>
<![CDATA[
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    <img width="150" height="150" src="https://umbc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/adb0447318e13bfae32cc14c327d5841-150x150.jpg" alt="A person wearing a coat walks through a mall in the evening." style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;">
    <p>Written by <a href="https://publicpolicy.umbc.edu/john-rennie-short/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">John Rennie Short</a>, professor emeritus of public policy, <em><a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-maryland-baltimore-county-1667" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">UMBC</a></em></p>
    
    
    
    <p>On a recent research trip to China, I wandered through the Oasis Mall in suburban Shanghai. Like many Chinese shopping malls, this complex was filled with empty stores that reflected the <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020-02-07/ghost-malls-in-china-s-once-teeming-megacities?embedded-checkout=true" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">end of China’s 30-year-long economic expansion</a>. But there also were surprises.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>Along a stretch of the mall’s interior walkway, a cluster of parents and grandparents sat on chairs. They were looking through a plate glass window, watching a dozen 5- to 7-year-old girls practice ballet steps, carefully following their teacher’s choreography. A space initially designed for retail had been turned into a dance studio.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>From 1990 through 2020, <a href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315609065/shopping-malls-public-space-modern-china-nicholas-jewell" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">large, shiny shopping malls</a> embodied China’s spectacular economic growth. They sprouted in cities large and small to meet consumer demand from an emerging middle class that was keen to express its newfound affluence. These centers look familiar to American eyes, which isn’t surprising: U.S. architectural firms <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2023.2182639" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">built 170 malls in China during this period</a>.</p>
    
    
    
    <a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/567757/original/file-20240103-15-n9ojl6.JPG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip" rel="nofollow external" class="bo"><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/567757/original/file-20240103-15-n9ojl6.JPG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt="A curved modern building labeled Oasis, with towers in the background. Chinese shopping malls." style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;"></a>The Oasis (blue building) is one of some 6,700 shopping malls in Chinese cities. Hundreds of new centers open yearly. John Rennie Short, <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">CC BY-ND</a>
    
    
    
    <p>Like their <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/shopping-mall-rise-fall-timeline-1950s-to-today-2023-1" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">U.S. counterparts</a>, many Chinese malls have fallen on hard times. The COVID-19 pandemic and the rise of online shopping have devastated foot traffic, leaving the nation with a huge overhang of retail space. But many Chinese malls are being re-imagined by owners and users as palaces of experience – civic areas for communities to meet and interact, with new configurations of public and private space.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>As a <a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=oMPNYhQAAAAJ&amp;hl=en" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">longtime urban policy scholar</a>, I was fascinated by the new uses I saw for malls in China. In my view, these experiments could become models for new, creative uses of retail space in the U.S., where the mall was invented.</p>
    
    
    
    <h4>Serving a new consumer class</h4>
    
    
    
    <p>China <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/books/how-china-opened-its-door/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">opened up to foreign trade and investment</a> less than 50 years ago. Since then, it has become the <a href="https://www.forbesindia.com/article/explainers/top-10-largest-economies-in-the-world/86159/1" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">world’s second-largest economy</a>, surpassed only by the U.S.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>Rising incomes and a massive population shift from rural areas to cities have created a <a href="https://www.goldmansachs.com/intelligence/macroeconomic-insights/growth-of-china/chinese-consumer/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">growing middle class</a> with significant purchasing power. GDP per capita increased <a href="https://finance.yahoo.com/news/china-squandered-golden-opportunity-overtake-110000713.html" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">from US$293 in 1985 to $12,500 by 2021</a>.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>Today, approximately 350 million Chinese – 25% of the total population – <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cwe.12400" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">can be considered middle class</a>. More recent economic growth has generated growing income inequality that now is <a href="https://sccei.fsi.stanford.edu/china-briefs/rise-wealth-private-property-and-income-inequality-china" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">equivalent to U.S. levels</a>.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>Malls became a motif of modernity during the country’s economic expansion. They offered consumers year-round protection from heat, humidity, cold and frost, as well as from busy streets and polluting traffic. Malls were safe environments where the steadily increasing numbers of more affluent Chinese families could shop and eat, stroll and meet.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>Over the past 30 years, China’s malls have <a href="https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10154812/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">faced economic booms and slumps</a>. For example, the <a href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/new-south-china-mall" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">New South China Mall</a> in Dongguan – which is twice the size of Minnesota’s Mall of America, its largest U.S. counterpart – opened in 2005. But most of its 2,300 storefronts remained closed for over a decade as China <a href="https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2010/06/yueh.htm" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">fought off recession</a> after the 2008 world financial crisis. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/embed/5zPkm2SU1DM?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0">https://www.youtube.com/embed/5zPkm2SU1DM?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0</a> This 2013 news report takes viewers inside the then-deserted New South China Mall in Dongguan.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>China weathered that downturn through <a href="https://insight.kellogg.northwestern.edu/article/china-credit-expansion-unintended-consequences" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">aggressive economic stimulus policies</a>, and within a decade it replaced the U.S. as the <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN1XF218/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">world’s top driver of economic growth</a>. This expansion buoyed its retail sector, including <a href="https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201901/11/WS5c380388a3106c65c34e3e65.html" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">shopping centers</a>. By 2018, a renovated and modernized New South China Mall was <a href="https://theculturetrip.com/asia/china/articles/worlds-biggest-shopping-mall-china-no-longer-ghost-mall" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">near full occupancy</a>.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>Then COVID-19 struck in 2020. The Chinese government adopted a rigid <a href="https://www.voanews.com/a/what-is-china-s-zero-covid-policy-/6854291.html" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">zero-COVID policy</a>, in which local governments could impose lockdowns after detecting just a few cases. Hundreds of millions of people were restricted to their homes for weeks or months at a stretch.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>This policy was lifted only <a href="https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2023/no-more-lockdowns-chinas-new-covid-landscape" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">in late 2022</a>. China’s economy has yet to fully recover, and many experts argue that it <a href="https://www.wsj.com/world/china/china-economy-debt-slowdown-recession-622a3be4" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">will never again reach its previous rates of growth</a>. An <a href="https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/The-Big-Story/China-s-aging-population-threatens-a-Japan-style-lost-decade" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">aging population</a>, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN1ZF2YQ/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">trade wars with the U.S.</a> and a government focused on centralizing power under the Communist Party are all acting as drags on the economy, and online shopping is drawing consumers away from stores.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>As a result, Chinese media reports abound with stories about <a href="https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20230720A06YQI00" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">well-known stores</a> and <a href="https://www.jiemian.com/article/9356769.html" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">venerable malls</a> closing. In China, as in the U.S., what scholars once described as the “<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1993.tb01921.x" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">magic of the mall</a>” has become an “<a href="https://www.discoursemagazine.com/p/the-allure-of-ruins" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">allure of ruins</a>.”</p>
    
    
    
    <h4>Malls with Chinese characteristics</h4>
    
    
    
    <p>But the Chinese are making creative use of excess mall space. New users are filling nonretail areas, such as indoor walkways and atriums that now house café tables. Others have become children’s play spaces filled with giant inflatable figures. The <a href="https://www.capitaland.com/en/find-a-property/global-property-listing/retail/raffles-city-shenzhen.html" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">Raffles City Mall</a> in Shenzen has a rooftop pet playground, a stage, an art display area and a sun-shaded lawn.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>China’s informal economy of food stalls and sidewalk merchants is also filling the void. Although street vending has a long history in China, government officials sought to suppress it in recent years, calling it <a href="https://epaper.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202009/18/WS5f63fbf0a31099a2343506f3.html" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">unsanitary and a throwback to pre-modern times</a>. Now, however, they are encouraging it as a way to reduce growing unemployment, especially among young people, which <a href="https://theconversation.com/chinas-youth-unemployment-problem-has-become-a-crisis-we-can-no-longer-ignore-213751" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">currently exceeds 20%</a>.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>During my trip, I saw small-scale entrepreneurs selling produce, street food and crafts in mall parking lots and around public entrances. The <a href="https://www.routledge.com/Pseudo-Public-Spaces-in-Chinese-Shopping-Malls-Rise-Publicness-and-Consequences/Wang/p/book/9781032177991" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">distinction between public and private spaces</a> is being reconfigured as vendors set up stalls in areas that once were open space.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>Empty store spaces are also being repurposed. Some have been converted into <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-03-08/luxury-malls-are-the-new-car-showrooms-for-chinese-ev-makers?sref=Hjm5biAW" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">electric vehicle showrooms</a>, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14702029.2022.2061750" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">art museums</a> and <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14733285.2022.2050675" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">children’s play centers</a> with dance studios, paddling pools, small skating rinks, gyms and yoga centers. Others have been redesigned as sites for art or cooking classes, or for <a href="https://thebusinessofesports.com/2021/07/02/china-opens-countrys-first-esports-themed-shopping-mall/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">multiplayer electronic gaming</a> and <a href="https://franchise.sandboxvr.com/what-u-s-franchisees-can-learn-from-the-chinese-mall-experience/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">virtual reality experiences</a>. The Dream Time Mall in Wuhan contains <a href="https://indoorsnownews.com/2023/03/03/wuhan-opens-indoor-snow-centre-as-part-of-worlds-new-largest-mall/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">an indoor snow center</a> that offers ski lessons, ice mazes and tubing.</p>
    
    
    
    <a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/567752/original/file-20240103-15-8btgm3.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip" rel="nofollow external" class="bo"><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/567752/original/file-20240103-15-8btgm3.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt="People crowd into a curved atrium around a giant screen." style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;"></a>People at Joy City Shopping Complex in Yantai, China, watch a live broadcast of the 2023 League of Legends world championship final on Nov. 19, 2023. League of Legends is a multiplayer online battle arena video game. <a href="https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/people-gather-at-joy-city-shopping-complex-to-watch-a-giant-news-photo/1802127612" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">Tang Ke/VCG via Getty Images</a>
    
    
    
    <p>I see these experiments as a shift in the meaning of the mall. What began as a cathedral of retail consumerism is becoming a place where people can connect and enjoy individual and collective experiences that aren’t available online.</p>
    
    
    
    <p>Some U.S. malls are <a href="https://www.retaildive.com/news/5-creative-ways-malls-are-repurposing-their-space/594580/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">moving in this direction</a>, but China is doing it on a much larger scale. Just as former Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping once asserted that his government was pursuing <a href="https://www.cgtn.com/how-china-works/feature/What-does-path-of-socialism-with-Chinese-characteristics-mean.html" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">its own version of socialism, with “Chinese characteristics</a>,” the U.S.-designed mall is being rewritten with Chinese characters.</p>
    
    
    
    <hr>
    
    
    
    <p>This article is republished from <em><a href="https://theconversation.com" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">The Conversation</a> </em>under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/the-us-invented-shopping-malls-but-china-is-writing-their-next-chapter-220181" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">original article</a> and see <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-maryland-baltimore-county-1667" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">more than 250 UMBC articles</a> available in <em>The Conversation</em>.</p>
    </div>
]]>
</Body>
<Summary>Written by John Rennie Short, professor emeritus of public policy, UMBC      On a recent research trip to China, I wandered through the Oasis Mall in suburban Shanghai. Like many Chinese shopping...</Summary>
<Website>https://umbc.edu/stories/china-is-reimagining-shopping-malls/</Website>
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<NewsItem contentIssues="false" id="138057" important="false" status="posted" url="https://beta.my.umbc.edu/groups/j-1/posts/138057">
<Title>Meet a Retriever&#8212;Jennifer Herson &#8217;99, Alumni Association Vice President</Title>
<Body>
<![CDATA[
    <div class="html-content">
    <img width="150" height="150" src="https://umbc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Jen-Herson-Family-photo-150x150.jpg" alt="A family embraces and smiles at the camera. The father has a foam UMBC paw." style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;">
    <p><em>Meet <strong>Jennifer Herson</strong> ’99, interdisciplinary studies. Jen is an executive at Data Canopy, a data center and cloud company, and the current Vice President of Operations of the <a href="https://www.alumni.umbc.edu/s/1325/21/interior.aspx?sid=1325&amp;gid=1&amp;pgid=344" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">UMBC Alumni Association Board of Directors</a>. As a board member, Jen believes deeply in the mission of UMBC and the sense of community and belonging this institution fosters. She helps perpetuate these values through her work on the board and as a donor. Take it away, Jen!</em></p>
    
    
    
    <h4>Q: What’s the one thing you’d want someone who hasn’t joined the UMBC community to know about the support you find here?</h4>
    
    
    
    <p><strong>A:</strong> Everyone can find their people here. I wasn’t a traditional student and I didn’t choose a science-focused major, but UMBC was the absolute best choice for me as it allowed me to customize my experience and find what worked for me so that I had the confidence to follow the path that worked for me. </p>
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    <div>
    	<blockquote>
    		
    		<div>	
    			<div>
    				<div>“</div>
    			</div>
    
    			<div>
    				<p>We’re a community of people with a similar dedication to excellence–and it’s evident everywhere you see us.</p>
    
    				
    
    									<div>
    						
    	
    						<div>
    				
    				<p>Jennifer Herson ’99</p>
    										
    											</div>
    					</div> 
    								</div>
    
    		</div>		
    	</blockquote>
    </div>
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    <img width="1200" height="900" src="https://umbc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/IMG_20200824_091756-Jen-Herson-1200x900.jpg" alt="Woman wearing graduation regalia." style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;">Herson ready to graduate with her degree in interdisciplinary studies from UMBC in 1999.
    
    
    
    <h4>Q: What’s one essential thing you’d want another Retriever to know about you?</h4>
    
    
    
    <p><strong>A: </strong>My area of study was interdisciplinary studies with a focus on visual arts, English, and modern language and linguistics. In my role as an executive at <a href="https://datacanopy.com/" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">Data Canopy</a>, a data center and cloud company, I have touched everything from operations and finance to marketing. I actually use (and have always used) my degree daily. I’m a mom to a ten-year-old, an avid concert-goer/music enthusiast, and, when I’m not cheering on my son at hockey, I like to root for the Baltimore Orioles or Washington Capitals.<em> </em></p>
    
    
    
    <img width="800" height="534" src="https://umbc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Alumni-Awards-2021_Jennifer-Herson.jpg" alt="Man and woman standing with their arms around each other. The man holds a flower in a pot. The woman laughs." style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;">Herson and her husband at the 2021 UMBC Alumni Awards ceremony.
    
    
    
    <h4>Q: What’s your favorite part of being a part of Retriever Nation?</h4>
    
    
    
    <p><strong>A: </strong>Being a part of Retriever Nation is a point of pride. We’re not just a little school from Baltimore County, we’re a community of people with a similar dedication to excellence–and it’s evident everywhere you see us. </p>
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    <div>
    	<blockquote>
    		
    		<div>	
    			<div>
    				<div>“</div>
    			</div>
    
    			<div>
    				<p>Everyone can find their people here.</p>
    
    				
    
    									<div>
    						
    	
    						<div>
    				
    				<p>Jennifer Herson ’99</p>
    										
    											</div>
    					</div> 
    								</div>
    
    		</div>		
    	</blockquote>
    </div>
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    <h4>Q: What drives you to support the Alumni Endowed Scholarship Fund?</h4>
    
    
    
    <p><strong>A: </strong>I love to support the <a href="https://www.alumni.umbc.edu/s/1325/21/interior.aspx?sid=1325&amp;gid=1&amp;pgid=451" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">Alumni Endowed Scholarship Fund</a>. As someone who worked their way through college, the mission of that fund is near and dear to my heart. I know that the donations I make will be put to good use by a student in need. </p>
    
    
    
    <p>* * * * *</p>
    
    
    
    <p><em>UMBC’s greatest strength is its people. When people meet Retrievers and hear about the passion they bring, the relationships they create, the ways they support each other, and the commitment they have to inclusive excellence, they truly get a sense of our community. That’s what “Meet a Retriever” is all about.</em></p>
    
    
    
    <p><a href="http://umbc.edu/how" rel="nofollow external" class="bo"><em>Learn more about how UMBC can help you achieve your goals.</em></a></p>
    </div>
]]>
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<Summary>Meet Jennifer Herson ’99, interdisciplinary studies. Jen is an executive at Data Canopy, a data center and cloud company, and the current Vice President of Operations of the UMBC Alumni...</Summary>
<Website>https://umbc.edu/stories/meet-a-retriever-jen-herson-alumni-association-vp/</Website>
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<NewsItem contentIssues="false" id="137977" important="false" status="posted" url="https://beta.my.umbc.edu/groups/j-1/posts/137977">
<Title>Happy New Year!</Title>
<Body>
<![CDATA[
    <div class="html-content"><div>
    
    
    <div>Dear UMBC Community,</div>
    <div> </div>
    <div>I wish you all a happy and healthy start to the new year. My hope for us in the year ahead is that we strive always to support and lift up one another and value the diverse perspectives that our community comprises. </div>
    
    <div>I hope, as well, that as we work together on a vision for UMBC’s future, we remain grounded in and inspired by the core values that have long defined us: inclusive excellence, collaboration, innovation, and impact. UMBC, higher education, and the wider world are better for those values and for your dedication and contributions to our noble mission. </div>
    
    <div>Happy New Year! </div>
    <div> </div>
    <div><em>President Valerie Sheares Ashby</em></div>
    
    </div></div>
]]>
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<Summary>Dear UMBC Community,       I wish you all a happy and healthy start to the new year. My hope for us in the year ahead is that we strive always to support and lift up one another and value the...</Summary>
<Website>https://my3.my.umbc.edu/groups/announcements/posts/137961</Website>
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<NewsItem contentIssues="true" id="137932" important="false" status="posted" url="https://beta.my.umbc.edu/groups/j-1/posts/137932">
<Title>The best is yet to come for 2023 graduates</Title>
<Body>
<![CDATA[
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    <img width="150" height="150" src="https://umbc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Grad-Commencment-Winter23-0730-150x150.jpg" alt="A graduate processes out among other studies smiling" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;">
    <p>“It is in times of great conflict and great challenge that higher education’s purpose is most revealed.”</p>
    
    
    
    <p>UMBC president <strong>Valerie Sheares Ashby</strong> addressed the crowd at the <a href="https://commencement.umbc.edu" rel="nofollow external" class="bo">2023 winter Commencement</a> ceremonies by acknowledging the turbulence of this past year and noting the importance of the degrees this year’s graduates received. Then nearly 1,000 Retrievers donned robes and mortarboards and made their way across the Chesapeake Employers Insurance Arena stage this week to become the latest members of the UMBC alumni community. </p>
    
    
    
    
    <img width="1200" height="800" src="https://umbc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Grad-Commencment-Winter23-0820-1200x800.jpg" alt="An outdoor shot of a crowd, focused on someone hugging a graduate " style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;">
    
    
    
    <img width="1200" height="800" src="https://umbc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Grad-Commencment-Winter23-0765-1200x800.jpg" alt="A student smiles while processing out of commencement wearing robes and a mortarboard. " style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;">
    
    
    
    <img width="1200" height="800" src="https://umbc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Grad-Commencment-Winter23-0724-1200x800.jpg" alt="A crowd of graduates stands smiling while one student takes a selfie" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;">
    
    
    
    <img width="1200" height="800" src="https://umbc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Grad-Commencment-Winter23-0713-1200x800.jpg" alt="A Ph.D. graduate smiles with hand outstretched in a wave" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;">
    
    
    
    <img width="1200" height="800" src="https://umbc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Grad-Commencment-Winter23-0595-1200x800.jpg" alt="A graduate and a professor hug at a graduation" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;">
    
    
    
    <img width="1200" height="800" src="https://umbc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Grad-Commencment-Winter23-0466-1200x800.jpg" alt="UMBC president Valerie Sheares Ashby stands speaking at a UMBC podium in regalia " style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;">
    
    
    
    
    <p>Representing the University System of Maryland’s Board of Regents, Anwer Hasan offered advice to the graduates saying, “As you go forward, take what you’ve learned and use it for good. Give back to the community and the world. Build that brighter future for yourselves and for others.”</p>
    
    
    
    <div>
    <div><blockquote><p>Congrats to Taylor Calheira, Jordan Travis and Hans Nesheim </p></blockquote></div>
    </div>
    </div>
]]>
</Body>
<Summary>“It is in times of great conflict and great challenge that higher education’s purpose is most revealed.”      UMBC president Valerie Sheares Ashby addressed the crowd at the 2023 winter...</Summary>
<Website>https://umbc.edu/stories/the-best-is-yet-to-come-for-2023-graduates/</Website>
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<PostedAt>Thu, 21 Dec 2023 14:54:12 -0500</PostedAt>
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