Like most dads, Chris Burk immediately told his 10-year-old daughter that the object she was trying to fish out of Pig Pen Pond was probably trash. Emily was not to be deterred, and Burk said he “had egg on his face” when lo and behold, the piece of trash was actually a ring. A West Point class ring from 101 years ago. And wait, was that a name inscribed?

The Burks live a few miles from UMBC and occasionally use it as a place to take a family stroll. When they visited last summer, Burk noticed the water level was a little lower than usual in the body of water formally known as CERA Pond, which sits between the bwtech@UMBC Research and Technology Park and the loop across from Admin Garage. That’s when Emily got a stick to try to snag a shiny tab settled at the bottom of the shallow embankment.

The name on the ring—Santiago G. Guevara—led Burk, who is a land surveyor and well acquainted with historical research, on an internet crusade to 1) reunite the ring with the owner’s descendants and 2) figure out how in tarnation the ring got there in the first place. So far he’s only been able to check off the first item.

Enter Nick Guevara, a U.S. Navy veteran, dedicated family historian, avid blogger, and most importantly, Santiago Guevara’s grandson. Nick also has no clue how the family heirloom ended up in UMBC’s pond. (Although he does have a nephew, Quintin Simmons, who graduated in 2020 with a degree in geography and environmental systems. Simmons, who coincidentally has swum in Pig Pen Pond, didn’t know his great granddad went to West Point, much less had a class ring from 1923. In another twist of coincidence, Simmons works at a company housed in bwtech and can see the pond from his office.)

“I’m so flabbergasted that these things can still happen,” says Nick. “It makes the world feel small in a good way. We need more stories to bring people together.”

Do you have any clues about how Santiago Guevara’s West Point ring ended up in CERA Pond? What’s the best thing you’ve found on campus? Email us at magazine@umbc.edu.

Since fall 2021, UMBC’s Interdisciplinary Consortium for Applied Research in the Environment (ICARE) has supported master’s students pursuing environmental science research related to Baltimore and the surrounding area. Students in the program have studied everything from “forever chemical” contamination in local waterways to educational outreach using horseshoe crabs to stormwater management. Trainees have looked at urban bat populations, community members’ knowledge of zero-waste practices, and oyster aquaculture. Program alumni have accepted roles with the U.S. Forest Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, The National Academies of Sciences, Baltimore Tree Trust, and more. 

To increase the relevance and benefit of students’ projects, members of community partner organizations co-advise students on their research. Co-advisors have come from organizations like Baltimore Green Space, Maryland’s Department of Natural Resources, and the South Baltimore Community Land Trust. ICARE began with a handful of faculty members from all three colleges at UMBC who wanted to collaborate more closely. Over time, it grew into an NSF-funded training program that today includes more than 100 people and 36 organizations.   

Earlier this month, the ICARE program celebrated its impact with “ICARE Day,” including a research poster session and luncheon with keynote address. 

“You’re combining the skills, knowledge, and perspectives you gained here in ICARE with your already strong commitment to environmental justice to make the world better for people and the ecosystems we live in,” said Tamra Mendelson, professor of biological sciences and ICARE program director, of program alumni, while members of the current cohort are “flexing those skills, nurturing your passions, and finding your way toward meaningful and consequential work in the environmental sector.”

Those opportunities are plentiful today, according to keynote speaker Fernando Miralles-Wilhelm, president of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. 

“What’s happening now is that individuals realize that every single thing we do—every single economic activity we engage in, from the food you eat, to the clothing you wear, to how we power our cities—everything hinges on the environment and natural resources,” he said. “It’s not just about having a nice landscape—the environment impacts economic bottom lines.”

Current trainees, set to graduate in the next few months, are pursuing a diverse set of projects. For example, Isabella Molatore has been studying the presence of invasive fish species in Baltimore Harbor through a combination of angler interviews and DNA testing of harbor water samples. Donovin Smith is exploring novel methods to detect heavy metals in the air and using the data to measure how proximity to railways, incinerators, and other factors affects air pollution. And Will Kaselow has compared the roles and effects of different entities that influence environmental education, such as nonprofits, various levels of government, and local institutions like schools and community centers.    

Despite undeniable environmental challenges, Miralles-Wilhelm ended the event on a hopeful note. 

“If you look at the news, you get bombarded by so much negative stuff. You may end up believing that the world is becoming a worse place. However, I counter that by saying that since World War II, every single human development indicator and every single environmental and development indicator around the world has gotten better,” Miralles-Wilhelm said. “We’ve spent quite a bit of effort—scientists, policymakers, and investors—to try to make a better world, and it is working. It may not be working at the pace that you want it to work, it may not be improving everywhere at the same time, but it’s also undeniable that we have gotten better.”

ICARE trainees and alumni, armed with skills from technical laboratory techniques to community organizing, are now poised to contribute to and accelerate that positive trend.   

Darcie Adams ’23, political science and gender, women’s, and sexuality studies, came to UMBC unsure of what he wanted to study—but through involvement in student organizations and a passion for restorative practices, he found his calling. Graduating this May with a master’s degree in community leadership, Darcie reflects on the mentors, communities, and values that shaped his journey.

Q: Can you tell me a little bit about what brought you to UMBC?

A: UMBC’s Community Leadership MPS program was a perfect fit for me because it offered a blend of theory and practical application. It’s a program where you can dig into complex problems and think critically, but also be part of a community that really pushes you to apply your learning in real-world contexts. I felt like it was a place where I could really grow and develop, both personally and professionally.

Q: How did your graduate coursework intersect with your advocacy and co-curricular work?

A: My graduate program has an introductory and capstone community partner project, and I also chose to do an independent study with a community-partner aspect to it. All of my community work in restorative practices has been with on-campus partners, including my master’s capstone project with Vice President of Institutional Equity Tanyka Barber.

This has allowed me to focus on a community-led dialogue method I’m really passionate about, and I’ve been able to use restorative practices in both my work and advocacy, in tandem with deepening my skills and knowledge. It’s not often you get to learn something and do it simultaneously, and the combination of both was incredibly impactful—it gave me a deeper understanding of the work and how to do it effectively.

Q: How has your understanding of leadership evolved during your time at UMBC?

A: I’ve come to realize that leadership is less about position and more about influence and the ability to connect with people. I’ve learned that effective leadership is about listening, being present, and creating spaces where others feel empowered to share their thoughts and ideas. Leadership is about collaboration and helping others see their potential, not just pushing your own agenda forward.

Q: You’ve worn so many hats on campus—if you had to describe the through-line or core mission of your time at UMBC, what would it be?

A: My time here has been about building community and creating spaces where people feel heard, valued, and supported. A lot of the work I’ve done, from advocacy to restorative practices, has been about making sure that people can come together in a way that’s authentic and supportive of one another.

Q: What have been some of the most meaningful relationships or moments during your time at UMBC?

A: I’ve always been drawn to spaces where people are passionate about their work, and I’ve had the privilege of building relationships with people who truly care about making a difference in the world. I’ve really benefited from the mentorship of Matt Hoffman, who has been my supervisor in the Gathering Space for Spiritual Well-Being for the last two years. I’ve learned so much from him about what empathetic leadership and radical love looks like.

He’s empowered me to be an active creator and leader in our space and across UMBC, and he will forever be my role model for how to create inclusive spaces. There’s been too many great moments to count, but I know that I, and many others, value the warmth and depth he brings to all of his relationships.

Q: What advice would you give others considering your master’s program?

A: This program is fantastic for people who are already doing community work and want to skill up. The hands-on nature of the program and how embedded it is in the Baltimore community means it offers real-world skills in real time. This program adds theory and historical context to the focus on learning by doing in a way that will help you mold yourself into a well-rounded community practitioner by the time you’re finished. If that sounds like something you could benefit from, you should take a look at community leadership!

Q: Your work was published in the UMBC Review—can you reflect on what that experience meant to you both academically and personally?

A: Having my work published in the UMBC Review was an incredibly rewarding experience, especially because I spent most of my first year as a graduate student editing it for publication! The article turned into something that went beyond what I initially anticipated, and to have it published has been a highlight of both my undergraduate and graduate experiences at UMBC. It’s been fun and wild to have students approach me and tell me they’ve talked about my article in class, and I’m glad it’s been something people have been able to connect with.

Q: What’s one UMBC space you’ll always remember fondly?

A: I’ve spent a lot of time in our cultural affinity centers—The Mosaic; The Pride Center; The Gathering Space; and the Women’s, Gender, and Equity Center—and participated in their initiatives and events. Through these spaces I’ve met so many friends in the last six years and have found more support for my advocacy work and passion projects than I could ever name.

Q: What would your dream role in higher education look like?

A: One where I’m able to work with students and staff to create more inclusive and restorative campus environments. I would love to work in a leadership position where I could help bridge the gap between different communities on campus and foster a culture of care and support. It’s about finding ways to incorporate restorative practices into all aspects of campus life—whether that’s through conflict resolution, mentorship, or simply creating a safe space for students to grow and thrive.

Q: What’s the one thing you’d want someone who hasn’t joined the UMBC community to know about the support you find here?

A: The support here at UMBC is real and it’s transformative. It’s not just about academic resources, but about the people who truly care about your growth—whether that’s faculty, staff, or peers. The UMBC community is dedicated to seeing you succeed, not just as a student but as a person, and that makes all the difference. There’s a commitment to inclusion, belonging, and helping each other out.

Read more Commencement 2025 stories.

While Lexi Kay ’25, psychology, may have a flair for the dramatics when she’s acting, she’s taking her talents offstage and implementing them into what will become her life’s work as a therapist. She has dual passions in psychology and theatre, so finding a master’s program that allows her to combine both seems like a dream come true. Just weeks after graduating, this Universities at Shady Grove (USG) student will begin coursework at Lesley University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, to pursue a master’s in clinical health, specializing in drama therapy. 

Q: What exactly is drama therapy and how is it utilized within your field? 

A: There are several different aspects to it, and the one I’m most interested in is called psychodrama. The idea behind psychodrama (when acting in a group setting) is that there’s an individual who is the focus of that session. The drama therapist would work with that individual to have them come up with a specific time period in their lives that they want to focus on and then decide whatever the big event is for them to work through in the therapeutic space. 

Using members of the group, the therapist would assign roles—for this example, let’s say it’s a family event. Someone would stand in as their mom, someone would stand in as their dad, and they would stand in as themselves. They’d give each person a line that describes their character in this situation. They’d play out the scene and then the drama therapist would ask if there’s anything they’d want to change or add. Once they were satisfied, they’d have them step out of the scene and watch it from the outside. It’s another way to use words that can be extremely beneficial and healing. 

Q: How did you even know that this ultra-focused area of study existed? 

A: I always knew I wanted to go into clinical mental health counseling for graduate school, but when I discovered drama therapy and realized it was a career where I combine two things I really love, I knew I’d found the right fit. There are only six accredited programs in the United States, so that really narrowed down my search. The program at Lesley University is a low-residency program, which allows me to take classes online throughout the year from Maryland and then go to Cambridge for a week each summer to do intensives. This will also allow me to do my clinicals and eventually get licensed in Maryland. 

Q: As a non-traditional student, your path has been a little different than your peers. Did that worry you when you started at USG? 

A: I was in my late twenties when I started at Shady Grove, so I definitely had the fear that I was going to be the oldest person in the room. I went to my first class and realized that wasn’t the case. Some of my peers were already parents with children, some were working on their second career—it was a really comfortable mix of types of students. Right away, I felt like I fit in. 

Q: You’ve taken on a number of leadership roles during your time. What does being a leader mean to you? 

A: I see being a leader as being a role model, and I like being a role model to others. Thinking about my future career as a therapist, I’ve been through my own struggles and I want to show people that it can get better and being in these leadership roles was just another way to be a role model in an academic setting. Being involved in things like the Peer Advisory Team (PAT) has forced me to be more extroverted, even when it may not be in my nature. These positions have allowed me to come out of my shell a little bit more and to show myself that I could do it. I think for so long, I was under the impression that, “Oh, I’m not a leader; I’m a follower.” But it’s shown me that I can be one and people respond when that happens. 

Q: As you finish up your academic journey here, what’s the one thing that you’re going to take with you from this experience? 

A: The faculty and staff at UMBC-Shady Grove have been so incredibly helpful. I’ve had similar experiences at other schools, but I’ve never been somewhere that I genuinely felt like every faculty or professor truly cares about the students, regardless of the time they’ve spent with them or the relationship they had. I’ll run into professors that I haven’t seen in a while and they’ll stop to ask how I am and really do remember who I am. That’s been really meaningful to me.

Read more Commencement 2025 stories.

Meet Maxwell Amoh-Mayes, a junior biological sciences major and Meyerhoff Scholar who is minoring in public health and on the pre-med/Ph.D. track. Maxwell has truly found his people at UMBC, from the work he does in HIV research, to volunteering at Shock Trauma, and spending time with his friends in the African Student Association (and beyond). We’re excited you’ve shared your story with us, Maxwell—take it away!

Q: What’s one essential thing you’d like people to know about you?

A: I’m a junior majoring in biological sciences with a minor in public health, on the pre-M.D./Ph.D. track. I come from Ghanaian immigrant parents who instilled in me a deep sense of culture, which inspires much of the work I do on campus. I’m passionate about uplifting underrepresented groups in STEM and take pride in mentoring students, especially those exploring the sciences or navigating the pre-med path. I enjoy showcasing cultural expression and creating spaces where identity and excellence thrive together. I currently conduct HIV research in Dr. Michael Summers’ lab and do clinical volunteering in the Shock Trauma Center at the University of Maryland Medical Center, both of which have deepened my dedication to research and patient-centered care.

Q: What’s the one thing you’d want someone who hasn’t joined the UMBC community to know about the support you find here?

A: At UMBC, you’re never just a face in the crowd—you’re a thread in a tightly woven net that catches you when you fall and lifts you higher when you rise. That net is made up of tutoring centers, SI PASS sessions, counseling services, various student orgs, and leadership opportunities—each strand designed to hold you up, stretch with you, and pull you forward. The support here isn’t just available—it finds you, grows with you, and walks beside you, woven into every part of your journey.

Q: Are you a part of any scholars programs?

A: Yes, I am currently part of the Meyerhoff Scholars Program at UMBC, and it has completely shaped my college experience for the better. The community within the program is incredibly strong and supportive—I honestly don’t think I would have made as many like-minded, goal-oriented peers in just my first year had I attended another college for a full four years. From the start, Meyerhoff creates a space where driven students in STEM can uplift and push one another, forming bonds that go beyond the classroom.

What I appreciate most is how we all support each other through the challenges of rigorous coursework and personal growth, constantly holding each other accountable and encouraging one another to stay focused on our long-term goals. On top of that, the advising and mentorship from faculty, Mrs. Mitsue Wiggs, Mrs. Holly Willoughby, and Mr. Keith Harmon is unmatched. They provide consistent guidance on academics, research, and career development, making sure we’re not just surviving but thriving. The program doesn’t just offer opportunity—it offers a true family, one that motivates me daily to stay grounded in my purpose and push forward with confidence.

Q: Tell us about someone in the community who has inspired you or supported you, and how they did it.

A: There are many individuals who have supported and inspired me throughout my time at UMBC, but three in particular have played a pivotal role in shaping who I am today.

Mr. Keith Harmon, the director of the Meyerhoff Scholars Program, has been a consistent source of guidance and strength. His leadership and commitment to student success especially for those from underrepresented backgrounds has taught me the value of community, excellence, and perseverance. His belief in my potential has motivated me to push forward, even during the most challenging moments.

Dr. Michael Summers, my principal investigator and research mentor, has played a key role in developing my scientific mindset. Conducting HIV research in his lab has sharpened my technical and analytical skills while fueling my passion for biomedical discovery. His mentorship has shown me what it means to pursue research with both curiosity and integrity.

Dr. Hua Lu has deeply inspired my approach to mentorship. Through an NSF-funded summer program, I worked alongside her to guide high school students from underrepresented communities through the fundamentals of research. That experience reminded me of the power of mentorship and how transformative it can be to create space for young students to see themselves in science.

Q: Tell us about what you love about your academic program or an organization you’re involved in.

A: What I love most about being part of the Meyerhoff Scholars Program is the genuine sense of community, support, and shared purpose. It’s more than just an academic program—it’s a family that fosters excellence, resilience, and the pursuit of higher goals, especially for students from underrepresented backgrounds in STEM.

Early in my journey, I was fortunate to be mentored by Noah Cruz [’24, biological sciences and psychology], a UMBC alum whose support and encouragement made a lasting impact on me. The way he guided me—patiently, intentionally, and with genuine care—inspired me to do the same for others. His mentoring style showed me how powerful it is to have someone who believes in you and walks alongside you through the challenges.

That inspiration led me to become a mentor to five students in the program. Helping them navigate research, academics, and campus life has been one of the most meaningful parts of my college experience. I see parts of myself in them, and it reminds me why mentorship matters.

Being in Meyerhoff has taught me the value of lifting as you climb. I’ve grown academically and professionally, but more importantly, I’ve grown into someone who can support others just as I was supported. Helping others build confidence and find their voice in STEM has been one of the most fulfilling aspects of my journey.

Q: What brought you to UMBC in the first place?

A: My reason for UMBC is threefold: diversity, STEM programs offered, and closeness to home. Four of my cousins — Nana Kwame Owusu-Boaitey M19, Kwadwo Owusu-Boaitey M22, Kwame Owusu-Boaitey M26, and Yaw Owusu-Boaitey M29 — attended UMBC and I had the chance to visit with them on campus. One of the first things I noticed was how diverse the campus was while walking around. The school feels like a melting pot of various ethnic groups and made me feel very welcomed. Given the opportunity, UMBC would be a place where I can also use my background to enrich diversity at the school.

UMBC offers minorities interested in the STEM fields the opportunity to develop their skills. Four of my cousins were part of the Meyerhoff program, and the program is still aiding them to pursue their Ph.D.s and medical school. The success stories of my cousins relating to UMBC programs inspired me to follow in their footsteps, if given the opportunity.

UMBC is close to home making it attractive to me. Having a good support system and being close to home helps me balance academic work and social/family life. The school gives me the social interactions needed to balance academic life, but it is also equally important to have the support system of the family.

Q: Since you’ve been a part of the UMBC community, how have you found support?

A: During difficult times, my roommate Nathan Dayie and Kwesi Halm, both Meyerhoff Scholars and Ghanaian like myself, have been my pillars of strength. They have the same cultural heritage and career ambitions, and we understand each other. Through late-night conversations regarding our dreams, academic responsibility towards each other, or just being there when times were tough, they’ve been instrumental in my life.

Additionally, my study group of Antuan Palmer, Ryan Addai, and Emmanuel Omole has been my friends since the first year. We are all pre-med and share the commitment with one another that has given us a bond as close as it gets. We study, we motivate, and we celebrate together. That continuity and support have not just served academically but also emotionally as we work together to meet the same long-term goals.

Together, this network has grounded me, kept me focused, and reminded me that I’m not in this alone. It’s made all the difference in staying true to my WHY.

Q: What clubs, teams, or organizations are you a part of? What do you love about them?

A: I’m an active member of the African Student Association (ASA), and it’s one of the communities on campus that I feel most connected to. What I love about ASA is how it brings together students from across the African and Black diaspora to celebrate our cultures, share our stories, and create a space where we feel seen, heard, and valued.

I’ve had the opportunity to be at the forefront of many of our events. I ran for Mr. ASA during our annual pageant, which gave me the chance to represent not just myself, but my Ghanaian heritage with pride. I was also the groom in our mock traditional wedding—a vibrant, high-energy event where I performed Azonto and showcased a variety of traditional dances from different African cultures. It was more than entertainment—it was a powerful display of unity, rhythm, and cultural pride.

One of my favorite projects was organizing a cultural photoshoot for Ghanaian students on campus in honor of Ghana’s Independence Day. We dressed in beautiful traditional attire, from kente to smock, and used the shoot to highlight the elegance and diversity of Ghanaian fashion. It was a way to not only celebrate our heritage but also educate and engage others in the richness of our traditions.

Being part of ASA has helped me grow as a leader, collaborator, and cultural ambassador—while having a lot of fun along the way.

Q: What do you enjoy most about being a student leader?

A: One of the most meaningful roles I’ve taken on is being a research mentor for high school students over the summer. I worked closely with students who were just starting to explore STEM and research, helping them understand not just the technical side of the work, but also how to think critically, ask questions, and gain confidence in their abilities.

What I enjoy most about it is seeing their growth—watching a student who was once hesitant about speaking up in a lab meeting become the one confidently presenting their findings at the end of the program. It’s rewarding to be part of that transformation and to know I’m helping shape future scientists. Being a mentor also pushes me to be a better communicator and leader, and it reminds me why I love science in the first place: It’s about curiosity, discovery, and sharing knowledge with others.

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Header photo courtesy of Eric Nkrumah ’28.

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UMBC’s greatest strength is its people. When people meet Retrievers and hear about the passion they bring, the relationships they create, the ways they support each other, and the commitment they have to inclusive excellence, they truly get a sense of our community. That’s what “Meet a Retriever” is all about.

Learn more about how UMBC can help you achieve your goals.

The tantalizing aroma of food from everyone’s favorite UMBC alumni-founded restaurant, Ekiben, wafts through the air of the Albin O. Kuhn Library and Gallery. People are drawn in by the steamed buns and tofu nuggets and stay for the community, including a Q&A with Ekiben co-owner Steve Chu ’12, economics, and Mark Padoongpatt, associate professor and director of the Asian and Asian American Studies Program at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. The discussion, part of the Reframing Global Asias Conversation Series and led by UMBC’s Global Asias Initiatives postdoctoral fellow Mika Thornburg, dives into Padoongpatt’s book, Flavors of Empire, with Chu providing support using his own experience creating community through food.

Mika Thornburg: Tell us a little about your personal history and how you came to work with food. 

Steve Chu: When my family immigrated from Taiwan to the U.S., most decided to go into the restaurant business. All my aunts and uncles had restaurants at one point in time, so I grew up with it. I understood the work hours behind it, the work ethic. When I was 13, I read Anthony Bourdain’s Kitchen Confidential. I told my mom that this is what I wanted to do, and she was like, “No, you’re going to college.”

So I came to UMBC, studied economics, and every paper I did was about food. I did a paper on Taco Bell, did a paper on Chipotle, and around sophomore year I was like, alright, this is getting kind of silly. So I decided to get my first job in a restaurant and work and go to school full time. That’s when I started diving into this industry and I haven’t really looked back since.

Mark Padoongpatt: Growing up as a Thai American, you get associated with food even if you have no professional relationship to food at all. I didn’t want to perpetuate that stereotype, so I avoided even thinking about food until graduate school. And that’s when I realized Thai people are so visible through food. Thai food comes to stand in for Thai people and there’s really nothing else we know about Thai people.

So instead of talking about the community outside of food, I thought maybe I should just think about that. How did we come to this point where Thai food comes to stand in for Thai people? Since then, I’ve been thinking about food as a very dynamic way to study communities.

Steve Chu ’12, left, and Mark Padoongpatt, right.

Thornburg: Our event theme is about food and community. Can you speak a little bit about your perspective on the relationship between these two things from your respective position?

Chu: Food brings people together. You see that at this event, you see that at Costco with the free sample line. When we opened Ekiben in Baltimore City, we realized that it was a very polarized city, so we built a space where people from all walks of life could come, afford the food, and sit next to someone that they typically wouldn’t be sitting next to. On any Saturday, you’ll have a squeegee kid sitting next to a Jewish grandmother listening to Cardi B on the speakers, eating some fried chicken. It’s things that you normally wouldn’t put together. Food is a really, really powerful tool to build a community.

Thornburg: What role can food play in changing culture and relationships between different groups of people, whether they be individuals, local communities or entire nations?

Padoongpatt: Food culture is incredibly transformative. Just look at European empires. How did they grow? Through food commodities. They created political and economic systems that were around food and food production. And so in terms of nation building, the evidence is all there in terms of the significance of food and the role that food can play.

The Thai government for the last 15 years has been pouring a lot of effort, time, and energy into this through a kind of gastro diplomacy so that more people will come to Thailand. I think it is a great way to stimulate curiosity and human connection, but just the eating of the food itself is not enough.

Chu: What I find really cool is if you grew up in a very diverse community, chances are you’ve had a very diverse group of friends and you’ve tried a very diverse group of foods. And that helps break down walls and allow for understanding and the building of community. One of the coolest things about coming to UMBC was how diverse a group of friends I was able to meet.

After UMBC, I went to New York and worked as a line cook, and I brought back a lot of creativity with me. I sat down with my two future business partners, [Ephrem Abebe ’13, information systems, and Nikhil Yesurpriya ’13, M.S. ’16, biological sciences]. I said, “Hey, bring me all these random ingredients that your moms aren’t using in the pantry.” And so they bring me all this stuff, and over time we just learned how to incorporate it into our core menu. Honestly, there wasn’t a lot of thought behind it—except, “that tastes good.”

Learn more about the Global Asias Initiative and follow along with their events.

Written by Richard Forno, principal lecturer in computer science and electrical engineering, UMBC

Reports that prominent American national security officials used a freely available encrypted messaging app, coupled with the rise of authoritarian policies around the world, have led to a surge in interest in encrypted apps like Signal and WhatsApp. These apps prevent anyone, including the government and the app companies themselves, from reading messages they intercept.

The spotlight on encrypted apps is also a reminder of the complex debate pitting government interests against individual liberties. Governments desire to monitor everyday communications for law enforcement, national security and sometimes darker purposes. On the other hand, citizens and businesses claim the right to enjoy private digital discussions in today’s online world.

The positions governments take often are framed as a “war on encryption” by technology policy experts and civil liberties advocates. As a cybersecurity researcher, I’ve followed the debate for nearly 30 years and remain convinced that this is not a fight that governments can easily win.

Understanding the ‘golden key’

Traditionally, strong encryption capabilities were considered military technologies crucial to national security and not available to the public. However, in 1991, computer scientist Phil Zimmermann released a new type of encryption software called Pretty Good Privacy (PGP). It was free, open-source software available on the internet that anyone could download. PGP allowed people to exchange email and files securely, accessible only to those with the shared decryption key, in ways similar to highly secured government systems.

Following an investigation into Zimmermann, the U.S. government came to realize that technology develops faster than law and began to explore remedies. It also began to understand that once something is placed on the internet, neither laws nor policy can control its global availability.

Fearing that terrorists or criminals might use such technology to plan attacks, arrange financing or recruit members, the Clinton administration advocated a system called the Clipper Chip, based on a concept of key escrow. The idea was to give a trusted third party access to the encryption system and the government could use that access when it demonstrated a law enforcement or national security need.

Clipper was based on the idea of a “golden key,” namely, a way for those with good intentions – intelligence services, police – to access encrypted data, while keeping people with bad intentions – criminals, terrorists – out.

Clipper Chip devices never gained traction outside the U.S. government, in part because its encryption algorithm was classified and couldn’t be publicly peer-reviewed. However, in the years since, governments around the world have continued to embrace the golden key concept as they grapple with the constant stream of technology developments reshaping how people access and share information.

Following Edward Snowden’s disclosures about global surveillance of digital communications in 2013, Google and Apple took steps to make it virtually impossible for anyone but an authorized user to access data on a smartphone. Even a court order was ineffective, much to the chagrin of law enforcement. In Apple’s case, the company’s approach to privacy and security was tested in 2016 when the company refused to build a mechanism to help the FBI break into an encrypted iPhone owned by a suspect in the San Bernardino terrorist attack.

At its core, encryption is, fundamentally, very complicated math. And while the golden key concept continues to hold allure for governments, it is mathematically difficult to achieve with an acceptable degree of trust. And even if it was viable, implementing it in practice makes the internet less safe. Security experts agree that any backdoor access, even if hidden or controlled by a trusted entity, is vulnerable to hacking.

Competing justifications and tech realities

Governments around the world continue to wrestle with the proliferation of strong encryption in messaging tools, social media and virtual private networks.

For example, rather than embrace a technical golden key, a recent proposal in France would have provided the government the ability to add a hidden “ghost” participant to any encrypted chat for surveillance purposes. However, legislators removed this from the final proposal after civil liberties and cybersecurity experts warned that such an approach would undermine basic cybersecurity practices and trust in secure systems.

In 2025, the U.K. government secretly ordered Apple to add a backdoor to its encryption services worldwide. Rather than comply, Apple removed the ability for its iPhone and iCloud customers in the U.K. to use its Advanced Data Protection encryption features. In this case, Apple chose to defend its users’ security in the face of government mandates, which ironically now means that users in the U.K. may be less secure.

In the United States, provisions removed from the 2020 EARN IT bill would have forced companies to scan online messages and photos to guard against child exploitation by creating a golden-key-type hidden backdoor. Opponents viewed this as a stealth way of bypassing end-to-end encryption. The bill did not advance to a full vote when it was last reintroduced in the 2023-2024 legislative session.

Opposing scanning for child sexual abuse material is a controversial concern when encryption is involved: Although Apple received significant public backlash over its plans to scan user devices for such material in ways that users claimed violated Apple’s privacy stance, victims of child abuse have sued the company for not better protecting children.

Even privacy-centric Switzerland and the European Union are exploring ways of dealing with digital surveillance and privacy in an encrypted world.

The laws of math and physics, not politics

Governments usually claim that weakening encryption is necessary to fight crime and protect the nation – and there is a valid concern there. However, when that argument fails to win the day, they often turn to claiming to need backdoors to protect children from exploitation.

From a cybersecurity perspective, it is nearly impossible to create a backdoor to a communications product that is only accessible for certain purposes or under certain conditions. If a passageway exists, it’s only a matter of time before it is exploited for nefarious purposes. In other words, creating what is essentially a software vulnerability to help the good guys will inevitably end up helping the bad guys, too.

Often overlooked in this debate is that if encryption is weakened to improve surveillance for governmental purposes, it will drive criminals and terrorists further underground. Using different or homegrown technologies, they will still be able to exchange information in ways that governments can’t readily access. But everyone else’s digital security will be needlessly diminished.

This lack of online privacy and security is especially dangerous for journalists, activists, domestic violence survivors and other at-risk communities around the world.

Encryption obeys the laws of math and physics, not politics. Once invented, it can’t be un-invented, even if it frustrates governments. Along those lines, if governments are struggling with strong encryption now, how will they contend with a world when everyone is using significantly more complex techniques like quantum cryptography?

Governments remain in an unenviable position regarding strong encryption. Ironically, one of the countermeasures the government recommended in response to China’s hacking of global telephone systems in the Salt Typhoon attacks was to use strong encryption in messaging apps such as Signal or iMessage.

Reconciling that with their ongoing quest to weaken or restrict strong encryption for their own surveillance interests will be a difficult challenge to overcome.

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article and see more than 250 UMBC articles available in The Conversation.

For Oyinlola Oluka, political science and philosophy, doing the right thing is not just a mantra but a career path. A law school hopeful since middle school, Oluka, a first-generation Nigerian American, has a keen interest in the efforts of African countries to move from political instability toward accountability for human rights violations. She knows that holding governments accountable is a lofty task, but fear is not in her vocabulary—justice is. At UMBC, she found a kindred spirit in Jeffrey Davis, a political science professor whose passion for human rights and politics began at 12 years old after joining Amnesty International. Oluka delved deeply into the complexities of international law in Davis’s classes, inspiring her to shift her ambitions toward becoming an international human rights judge—someone committed to upholding human rights at the highest level.

Q: What motivated you to come to UMBC?

A: My sister, Atinuke Oluka, is a Retriever. She graduated in 2022 with degrees in psychology and biological sciences. I saw how many opportunities UMBC gave her—how she felt like she belonged and how smoothly she transitioned from high school to college. I don’t see limits for myself either, so I decided to follow in her footsteps. The opportunities I’ve had at UMBC have changed the way I approach life. 

Q: In what ways do you live out your ‘no limits’ philosophy?

A:  I am a first-generation Nigerian American.My family inspires me. They experienced Nigeria’s instability, but did not let it limit their future. I knew I wanted to be a lawyer in middle school. So, once I came to UMBC, I took advantage of opportunities to help me learn more about being a lawyer and due process, such as civil rights, criminal justice, and international law classes. As part of UMBC’s Legal Internship Program, I worked at the Baltimore City Juvenile Justice Center under the mentorship of the Honorable Judge Nicole K. Barmore, an associate judge in Baltimore City’s Circuit Court. 

I chose philosophy as my second major and completed a certificate in philosophy, law, and politics, another in French, a minor in law and justice, and participated in Philosophers Anonymous, which serves as a council of majors. My hard work earned me memberships in Pi Sigma Alpha, the National Political Science Honor Society, and Phi Beta Kappa Society, an academic honor society. 

Giving back to UMBC is also important to me. I am a tutor at UMBC’s Writing Center and a teaching assistant for ENGL 393 Technical Communication. All of this while working as a certified pharmacy technician. UMBC’s Black Student Union, the African Student Association, and Philosophers Anonymous allowed me to help foster a sense of community on campus.

Simply put, I don’t limit myself—not to one field, skill, or experience. I always make sure that what I’m doing now aligns with my long-term goals. If I can see myself succeeding where I am, then I know I can succeed elsewhere, too. I will be the first person in my family to pursue a career in law.

Q: How did you choose to add a philosophy major?

A: When I applied to UMBC while I was at Towson High School, the application asked what other major I might consider, which I interpreted as a backup in case my first choice didn’t work out. I chose philosophy because of my passion for the law. It offered a safe, inquisitive space to explore and understand fundamental questions about the world around us. To my surprise, I was admitted as a dual major. I decided to keep it, and it turned out to be one of the best decisions of my life. 

In 2024, the Department of Philosophy nominated and voted to award me the Evelyn Barker Book Prize for superior academic performance by a senior. I am proud to receive this award because it demonstrates that my contributions to the department and the discipline, as a whole, made an impact. Even though picking this major was initially unintentional, it proved to be a discipline that fit perfectly with the person I strive to be. This award shows me that I am taking the necessary steps to actualize my dreams and aspirations. My experience in the department has been phenomenal, and I would absolutely make the same choice again. 

Q: Is there someone who has served as a mentor for you?

A: My favorite classes were taught by Jeffrey Davis, professor of political science, because they deepened my interest in criminal justice and international human rights law. His teaching style left a lasting impression on me. He influenced my time at UMBC not only through what he taught, but also how he taught. He was always encouraging, never condescending, precise, yet never rigid.

Q: What excited you about being a student researcher for UMBC’s 2024 Battleground Exit Poll?

A: In the American voting behavior class, led by Ian Anson, the associate director of UMBC’s Institute of Politics, I learned how voting behavior reflects public opinion and policy. We gauged the attitudes of 1,119 Baltimore County voters who cast their ballots in person during early voting and on Election Day. The poll asked voters about their views on the presidential and congressional races, state constitutional amendments like “The Right to Reproductive Freedom,” and broader issues like the economy.

This hands-on project taught me so much about public opinion research, voter behavior, and the challenges of conducting fieldwork in real time. I used the information from this course to create a final paper, which I presented at UMBC’s 14th annual Pi Sigma Alpha Research Conference. I was honored with the award for best presentation and speech, a validating milestone in my academic journey.

Q: Where do you see yourself in a decade?

A: My ultimate goal is to become a judge because it is one of the most direct ways to improve the lives of people charged with a crime. A judge has the responsibility and the power to decide what happens next for that individual. My internship at the Baltimore City Juvenile Justice Center immersed me in the complexities of juvenile justice. I engaged in legal research, drafted memos on post-conviction issues and child welfare cases, and presented my findings directly to Judge Barmore. Through this experience, I developed my research, analytical, and oral communication skills, particularly in breaking down legal arguments clearly and persuasively. It also strengthened my professional network, as I interacted with judges, administrative staff, and law clerks.

By observing Judge Barmore, I also saw how a judge can be nurturing and compassionate toward defendants while also holding them accountable for their actions. She was efficient and effective in addressing the needs of the children in the system, their parents, and their unique family circumstances. These processes helped me understand how crucial it is for a judge to manage their emotions so they can remain clear, consistent, and fair under pressure. 

This opportunity was especially valuable because I’m still exploring whether I want to practice law in government, at a firm, or within a nonprofit organization. With the help of UMBC’s Pre-Law Society, I met law school admissions counselors, reviewed mock applications, and connected with lawyers—all of which are helping me prepare for the Law School Admission Test and narrow down the law schools I want to apply to.

Q: Now that you are the second Retriever in your family, how do you reflect on your UMBC journey?

A: The classes at UMBC taught me how to think, how to ask the right questions, and how to engage with the world around me. Whether it was a lively debate in a politics class or a professor’s encouragement after a class, every moment shaped my understanding of what it truly means to learn. I carry that with me, not just the knowledge I’ve gained at UMBC, but also the curiosity and courage to keep learning wherever I go.

Read more Commencement 2025 stories.

Vast, quasi-circular features on Venus’ surface may reveal that the planet has ongoing tectonics, according to new research. On Earth, the shifting and recycling of tectonic plates continually renews our planet’s surface. Venus doesn’t have tectonic plates, but its surface is still being deformed by molten material from below. 

“These features are not found on Earth today; however, they may have existed when our planet was young and before plate tectonics had been established,” says the study’s lead author, Gael Cascioli, a UMBC assistant research scientist with the Center for Space Sciences and Technology. “By combining gravity and topography data, this research has provided a new and important insight into the possible subsurface processes currently shaping the surface of Venus.” 

Seeking to better understand the underlying processes at work on Venus, researchers studied a feature called a corona. Ranging from tens to hundreds of miles across, a corona is most often thought to be the location where a blob of molten, buoyant material from the planet’s mantle rises (called a “plume”), pushing against the uppermost part of the planet’s mantle and its crust. Coronae are usually oval and surrounded by fractures in the crust, and hundreds are known to exist on Venus. 

Old data, new discoveries

The new study, published in Science Advances, found telltale signs of corona-shaping activity at or beneath Venus’ surface. These signs may also provide a unique window into Earth’s past. To find them, the authors turned to NASA’s Magellan mission, which orbited Venus in the 1990s and collected what is still the most detailed gravity and topography data of Venus available. 

There are various theories about how coronae form. “The most exciting thing for our study is that we can now say there are most likely various and ongoing active processes driving their formation,” coauthor Anna Gülcher, Earth and planetary scientist at the University of Bern in Switzerland, says. 

The scientists created detailed 3D models that predicted different ways the coronae might have formed, and then compared them to data from Magellan. Their work revealed that beneath about 70 percent of the coronae they studied, there were hot, low-density plumes rising from deep inside Venus, which might be causing the unique geological activity. 

The NASA VERITAS mission, scheduled for launch no earlier than 2031, will be key to filling gaps in understanding of how coronae form. According to coauthor Suzanne Smrekar, planetary scientist at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and principal investigator for VERITAS, the mission will provide much greater resolution than Magellan, supplying “an unprecedented level of detail that could revolutionize our understanding of Venus’ geology and implications for early Earth.” 

Read the complete NASA release here.

On a fall Saturday morning, Mohammad Arshad, an information systems senior, greeted clients arriving at the Erickson School of Aging Studies looking for a fresh start with the help of UMBC’s first Expungement Clinic. After completing the intake forms, Arshad passed the files to pro-bono lawyers and staff from Maryland Legal Aid and pro-bono lawyers from the Baltimore County Bar Association. They carefully reviewed each client’s criminal records to determine eligibility for clearing or sealing certain charges or offenses that can create barriers to jobs, housing, and education

When Jessica Cook, associate director of the Sondheim Public Affairs Scholar Program, noticed that Loyola University has this program, she connected with Molly Timko, UMBC’s pre-law academic advisor, and discussed bringing the program to UMBC. They established the clinic with funding from UMBC’s Center for Democracy and Civic Life. As soon as a call was made for 20 student volunteers, the response was overwhelming.

Sometimes it’s hard to get internships as an undergraduate student, notes Timko. “The exposure to public interest law—doing law for the greater good—and to network with lawyers in various fields broadens students’ understanding of what being a lawyer can look like beyond arguing in a courtroom,” says Timko, a licensed attorney in Maryland, Washington, D.C., and New York. In her role at UMBC, Timko provides career pathway counseling and law school application support for UMBC students of all majors, as well as alumni.

“It was the first time I saw a law-related volunteer opportunity on campus,” said Arshad. He serves as the senate president of the Maryland Student Legislation (MSL), a model Maryland General Assembly. Currently, there are 15 college delegations, governed by the Council of States, a group of six college students elected by MSL members. Arshad serves as the lieutenant governor.

This experiential learning experience teaches students how to draft original legislation and debate bills, navigate parliamentary procedures, and understand the legislative process. At the end of the year, all of the legislation adopted by the students is shared with members of the Maryland General Assembly for their review. “As someone interested in the legal field, I saw the Expungement Clinic as a meaningful way to deepen my understanding of the legal process.”

The expungement clinic was streamlined to assist as many clients as possible. No appointment was needed. Lawyers arrived equipped with laptops and printers, prepared to complete and file paperwork. Angus Derbyshire, director for Pro Bono at Maryland Legal Aid, who spearheads expungement clinics across Maryland, reported that 14 clients were served at the UMBC Expungement Clinic, and 10 of them had cases that were deemed potentially eligible for expungement. “This resulted in the preparation of 24 expungement petitions, which is a meaningful outcome for both the clients and the community,” said Derbyshire.

As a first-generation college student, Arshad had never seen the legal process in action firsthand, let alone been part of it. What surprised him most was the collaboration and community focus. “I had always assumed legal work was mostly done behind the scenes, but this clinic showed me how much personal interaction and empathy are involved,” said Arshad, who plans to practice intellectual property law defending the rights of inventors, entrepreneurs, and developers. “It also gave me a better understanding of expungement and how access to legal resources can significantly improve someone’s future opportunities.”

All majors to the legal field

Despite the overwhelming response from volunteers for the expungement clinic, Timko has noticed that many students still assume a political science major is required to pursue a career in law. Like Arshad, Timko is a first-generation law student with a major outside of political science. She majored in anthropology and art history, with a minor in Italian, but wasn’t sure if she wanted to pursue a Ph.D. in either field. “During my master’s program in higher education and student affairs administration, I studied abroad in South Africa and took a course on social reform in post-apartheid South Africa. It sparked my interest in education and advocacy law,” says Timko. 

One of Timko’s bigger goals is to help students discover their spark. “It’s important for students to know you can major in anything. There are so many ways to be a lawyer. There’s the stereotypical trial lawyer, but there are also lawyers focused on research and writing that never set foot in a courtroom,” says Timko who is also the advisor for UMBC’s Pre-Law Society that helps student prepare for the Law School Admissions Test (LSAT) and network with area schools. “You don’t have to be super extroverted or argumentative to be a really good lawyer.” There is also no expiration date on when you can decide to pursue a legal career.

This is why she was excited when Shannon Ziegler ’14, fine arts, and Alexander Langsam ’22, biology, reached out to her for guidance on applying to law school. Both had initially worked in their respective fields, which unexpectedly led them in new directions—Ziegler in the financial technology industry and Langsam in civil service, which then spurred in them an interest in law.

After completing the pre-med track at UMBC, Langsam dove into studying for the Medical College Admission Test and worked as a medical assistant. When he saw firsthand the challenges faced by providers and patients, he pivoted and decided to pursue a master’s in public health policy instead, while continuing to work in civil service. There, he spent time learning about the work of the general counsel, which confirmed for him the impact lawyers can have at the federal level.

“I had never considered law school before, so when I began to think of it as a possible career, I looked up UMBC pre-law advising and emailed Molly out of the blue. She guided me through the law school application process,” said Langsam. “If you can, expand your career options beyond your degree because there are so many things you can do in this world that may not be obvious in undergrad.” He will complete his masters in May and continue to the University of Baltimore Law School in the fall.

Ziegler is about to finish her first year of law school at the University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law. In the decade before law school, she balanced being a business manager for Baltimore’s Center Stage by day and acting by night. She then checked off living in Chicago from her bucket list, where she worked at Venmo, launching a career at the crossroads of financial regulation and technology, the topic of her law school admissions essay. 

Timko is on the Law School Admission Council directory as an undergraduate pre-law school advisor and receives an alert when an alum takes the LSAT. As soon as she was sent Ziegler’s results, she touched base with her. “It had been so long since I left UMBC that I didn’t think of reaching out. Molly gave me great advice on how to focus my application better and what to prioritize in my search,” said Ziegler. “She helped me slow down to think about what my goals are. I found that reframing really helpful.”

Making the LSAT accessible

At the core of the pre-law advising programming is a mission to create a supportive community where UMBC’s law school hopefuls can develop the skills, strategies, and confidence to navigate the various steps between studying for the LSAT and the first year of law school. This spring, Megumi Fukuzawa ’23, political science, who is currently studying for the LSAT, understands the need for support. Like many undergraduate students, Fukuzawa’s schedule was jam-packed. Whenever she carved out time to study for the LSAT, she felt lost and discouraged. “I needed help understanding the materials and advice about how to study effectively,” said Fukuzawa, a research assistant at the Howard County Historical Society’s Archives and Historical Center. “The only flyer I saw on campus was during my junior year, advertising a $1,000 introductory LSAT course. At that point, the LSAT felt like a massive wall I couldn’t break through.” 

Thanks to a professional development grant from the American Studies Department, she was able to access study materials during her senior year. This spring, Fukuzawa asked Timko if she could lead an LSAT preparation information session.“By hosting this LSAT prep information session, providing free tutoring, and forming an online study community for UMBC LSAT students, I hope to make LSAT prep, and by extension, a legal education, more accessible to UMBC students and alumni,” said Fukuzawa. Arshad is also championing the need to help fund LSAT preparation materials, for Fukuwaza, himself, and other pre-law students who can’t afford expensive study aids. Arshad is collaborating with peers and community members on a long-term solution to establish a UMBC partnership with an LSAT coaching provider to offset LSAT preparation costs. 

Advocacy and fairness are Arshad’s core values. They have defined his student work as well as his career plans to practice intellectual property law. “My background in systems and data gives me a unique perspective on how legal services, like the Expungement Clinic, can be streamlined and made more accessible through innovation,” said Arshad. “Volunteering at the expungement clinic made me think about how I can apply my tech skills to create more efficient and equitable legal solutions.”

Learn more about UMBC’s Expungement Clinic and pre-law advising.