IN THE NEWS: “doctors of the environment” clean up PFAS

Tue, 28 May 2024 16:09:47 -0400
ghosh, news, research, spring-2024

CBEE IN THE NEWS:

Chesapeake Quarterly‘s Complicated Contaminants: Finding PFAS in the Chesapeake Bay - Volume 23, Number 1 | May 2024

EXCERPT FROM: Diagnosing the PFAS Problem: Scientists Investigate So-Called ‘Forever Chemicals’ in the Chesapeake Bay

By Ashley Goetz | May 8, 2024

“We kind of think of ourselves as the doctors of the environment,” says Upal Ghosh, a professor of chemical and environmental engineering at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. In order to make a diagnosis, a doctor might study your symptoms, order tests, and review your medical reports. Similarly, when there are signs of sickness in an ecosystem, scientists start with the Symptoms.

They formulate ways to gather information—collecting field samples, analyzing them in a lab, running experiments, and using mathematical models. And, like doctors, only once they learn enough to diagnose the problem can they begin to offer remedies.

For per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, or PFAS, science is still largely in the diagnosis stage.

PFAS, perhaps most commonly known by their nickname, “forever chemicals,” are a vast group of human-made chemicals found in common household products, like nonstick pans, carpets, cosmetics, and fast-food packaging. They are widespread, long-lasting, and in some cases, toxic. Studies have shown that even at very low levels, certain PFAS can harm people and wildlife.

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Although PFOA and PFOS are no longer made in the United States, they are still regularly detected in water and soil samples. That’s because PFAS don’t get recycled in the environment. The carbon-fluorine bond in PFAS is one of the strongest in chemistry, making PFAS super-stable. “People have called the perfluorochemicals molecular rebars,” says Ghosh. “They don’t break down.” Over time, PFAS have escaped from the places they were made, used, and thrown away into the soil, air, and water that support life on Earth. And once introduced, PFAS tend to stick around.

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Fate and Forecast

When it comes to PFAS, nearly every researcher will tell you, “It’s complicated.” And they’re right. Thousands of chemicals are classified as PFAS. They are seemingly everywhere, and they behave unlike many of the contaminants researchers and regulators have dealt with before.

Yet, buoyed by increasing public interest and concern, researchers continue to seek answers about PFAS. “How do you design a remedy? It really starts with defining the problem correctly,” says Upal Ghosh. Only then, he says, can we turn our attention toward the interventions and engineering needed to treat the issue.